Ubuzima bw'inka: indwara n'uburyo bwo kuzirwanya

Indwara zikunze gufata inka zirimo inzoka zo mu nda, iziterwa n’uburondwe nk’ikibagarira n’amashuya, naho indwara zandura twavuga Ruhaha, Uburenge, Ubutaka, Amakore, Igituntu, kurwara amafumbi y’icebe.

Icyitonderwa: Mu bikorwa kugira ngo barengere ubuzima bw’inka hari ukuzikingira ubutaka na ruhaha buri mwaka, kuzuhagiza umuti wica uburondwe byibura rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru, no kuziha imiti y’inzoka kabiri mu mwaka.

Indwara z’inka n’uburyo bwo kuzirwanya

Indwara	Ikigero cy’inka zifatwa	Ibimenyetso	Uko bayirwanya
Inzoka	Inyana, inka nkuru	- Kubyimba inda - Kudakura neza, guhitwa, kunanuka, gukorora, guhinduriza ubwoya	- Imiti y’inzoka nka Nilzan kabiri mu mwaka - Kororera mu kiraro
Ikibagarira (igikira)	Inyana, inka nkuru	Kugira umuriro mwinshi 39.5-41°C, kutarisha, kubyimba inturugunyu, guta urukonda, guhumeka nabi, kubyimba amaso	Gutera imiti y’uburondwe na  rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru kuvurisha oxytétracycline na Butalex
Umwumira	Inyana, inka nkuru	Kugira umuriro minshi, kutarisha, kunanuka cyane, amaso y’umuhondo	- Gutera imiti y’uburondwe - Kumisha oxytétracycline
Amashyuya	Inyana, inka nkuru	Kugira umuriro mwinshi 39-40 kurisha nabi, kugira amaraso make, kunanuka bikabije	- Kurwanya isazi ya Tsétsé - Kuvurisha Samorin, Bérénil, Trypamidium
Uburenge	Inyana, inka nkuru	Kugira umuriro mwinshi 40-41°C, ibisebe mu kanwa, ku mabere, no binono	- Koza ibisebe - Gutera antibotique na sulfamides - Kororera mi kiraro
Ruhaha	Inyana, inka nkuru	Kugira umuriro mwinshi 42°C, guta urukonda mu mazuru no mu kanwa, guhumeka nabi, umutima ugatera cyane, kutabasha kugenda, kubabara mu nda, kubyimba urwakanakana, no gukorora, kunanuka cyane, hapfa 30-50% y’izafashwe	- Gukingira - Kororera mu kiraro - Gutandukanya inka zafashwe n'izikiri nzima
Amakore ( yanduza n'abantu)	Inka nkuru	Kuramburura ku mezi atandatu inka ihaka, kubabara mu ngingo, kubyimba amabya	Gukingira hakoreshejwe urukingo B 19 Kubaga inka zose zanduye iyi ndwara
Igituntu ( cyanduza n'abantu)	Inka nkuru	Kuzamura umuriro ku buryo budasanzwe, kunanuka, gukorora, guhumeka nabi, kubyimba kw'inturugunyu z'ibihaha, ifumbi amata ajya kugira ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi	Kubaga inka zose zafashwe
Ifumbi y'amabere	Inka nkuru	Umuriro, ububabare mu icebe ryanduye, kubyimba kw'amabere, amata arimo amashyira	Kugira isuku y'umukamyi n'ibikoresho byo gukamisha, imiti ya  antibiotics

.AMOKO Y'INKA

Mu Rwanda, dufite inka za gakondo zifite amahembe maremare zitwa "Ankole", tukagira n'inka z'inzungu ( Horusiteyini, Firizoni, Burawuni suwisi, Jerise  na Sayiwale)ndetse n'ibyimanyi bivuka ku nka gakondo n'inzungu ku nzego zinyuranye: F1, F2 na F3).

- Inka gakondo

Inka gakondo za Ankole zororwa mu bihugu bya Afurika y'Uburasirazuba bya Uganda, Tanzaniya, u Rwanda n'u Burundi.  

Inka za Ankole z'umwimerere zigira umutwe ufite uburebure buringaniye, ijosi rigufi n'urwakanakana rurerure n'agatuza  kegeranye. N'ubwo inka za Ankole zigira icebe rito zigakamwa n'amata make, gukama ni umuhango w'ingenzi mu mico y'amoko amwe n'amwe y'abantu. Kureza amaraso na wo ni umuhango w'ingenzi. Amoko amwe n'amwe akoresha inka mu mirimo.  Muri rusange, inka zihabwa agaciro gakomeye gashingiye ku kimenyetso kiranga urwego rw'ubukire, imihango y'umuco katitaye ku musaruro muke zitanga.

- Holstein- Friesian ( Holusiteyini- Furizoni)

Inka za Holusiteyini zirangwa cyane cyane n'amabara yazo ndetse n'umukamo utubutse. Holusiteyini ni inka nini, ifite amabara  meza y'umukara n'umweru cyangwa umweru n'umutuku.

Inyana ya Holusiteyini ifite ubuzima bwiza ivukana ibiro birenga 40. Inka nkuru ya Holusiteyini ipima ibiro nka 700 ikaba ifite uburebure bwa m1.50  upimiye kuva ku kinono kugera ku rutugu. Inyana za Holusiteyini zishobora kwima  zimaze amazi 15 zivutse, zimaze kugera ku biro nka 320. Ni byiza ariko kubyaza bwa mbere inyana za Holusiteyini zimaze amezi 24 na 27. Inka ya Holusiteyini ihaka amezi icyenda. Mu gihe andi moko y'inka ashobora kumara igihe kinini, inka yo mu bwoko bwa Holusiteyini imara igihe cy'imyaka itandatu ikaba ishaje..

Mu Rwanda, inka ya Holusiteyini y'umwimerere yororerwa gukamwa ( ikamwa amata angana na litiro 40 ku munsi).

Burawuni suwisi (Brown Swiss)

- Sahiwale

Inka ya Sahiwale yakomotse mu karere gashyuha ka Punjab ( Soma "Punjabu") kari ku mupaka w'Ubuhinde na Pakisitani. Ubu ngubu Sahiwake ni bwo bwoko bukunzwe butanga amata mu Buhinde na Pakisitani. Kubera ko zihanganira ubushyuhe kandi zigatanga umukamo utubutse, zinjijwe mu bindi bihugu bya Aziya, Afurika na Karayibe.Ibara ry'ubwoya bwazo ni ikigina kijya gutukura, gishyira umutuku wiganje urimo ibara ryera ku gikanu n'umurongo usanganya igihimba.

Ku mfizi, ibara rirushaho kwijima ahagana ku myanya ihera nk'umutwe, ibinono no ku murizo.Sahiwale ntipfa gufatwa  n'indwara ziterwa n'uburondwe, yihanganira ubushyuhe kandi ntipfa gufatwa n'indwara ziterwa n'indiririzi, zaba izo mu mubiri cyangwa iz'inyuma ku ruhu. Iyi nka ikamwa hafi litiro 2270kg z'amata  mu gihe ihaka kandi yonsa kandi ishobora no kuyarenza.  

- Jerise

Jerise  ni inka nto y'amata. Iyi nka yakomotse mu birwa bya Jerise. Ubu bwoko burakundwa kubera ko amata yabwo afite amavuta menshi kandi idasaba ibintu byinshi mu kuyitaho bitewe n'uko ifite umubiri muto n'uko iteye.

Inka ya Jerise nkuru ipima hagati ya kg 400 na kg 500 . Ibintu bituma ikundwa ni uburyo isaba bike kandi igatanga umusaruro munini bitewe n'ibi bikurikira:

• Ubushobozi bwo kororera inka za Jerise nyinshi ahantu hato kubera ko ari ntoya mu mubyimba, biryo no kuzitunga bigasaba ibintu bike kandi zikaba zabasha gutungwa no kurisha.
• Kuba zibyara ku buryo bworoshye bituma ikundwa n'aborozi bakayibangurira ku yandi moko y'inka z'amata  ndetse n'iz'inyama hagamijwe kugabanya ibibazo bibaho mu gihe inka zibyara.
• Kororoka ku rwego rwo hejuru.