1. IRIBURIRO
Ubuhinzi bw'imyumbati mu Rwanda bwazanywe n'Ababiligi mu mwaka w'1930. Imyumbati ni igihingwa ngandurarugo kiri ku mwanya wa gatatu nyuma y'ibijumba n'ibitoki. Mu myaka icumi ishize umusaruro w'imyumbati wagiye ugabanuka bitewe ahanini n'indwara, ibyonnyi n'ibura ry'imbuto zihanganira indwara.
Imyumbati isarurwaho ibijumba ari na byo biribwa. Imyumbati ifite ubushobozi bwo kwera mu butaka buteraramo ibindi bihingwa. Imyumbati kandi yera mu gihe hariho amapfa. Kubera ko imyumbati ishobora kuguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 24, ndetse n'amwe mu moko yayo akaba yaguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 36, gusarura imyumbati bishobora gutegereza ko isoko riboneka cyangwa haboneka uburyo bwo kuyitunganya.
Imyumbati iribwa n'abantu, ariko ishobora no kugaburirwa amatungo. Mu ngo nyinshi imyumbati iribwa nk'ikiribwa gitera imbaraga. Imyumbati ishobora kuribwamo umutsima, igikoma, kotswa cyangwa gutogoswa. Amababi y'imyumbati nayo aribwa nk'imboga rwatsi, zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri na Vitamini A na B.
2. AMOKO
Ubusanzwe hari amoko abiri y'amoko y'imyumbati: imyumbati irura n'imyumbati y'imiribwa.
Imyumbati yitwa ko ari imiribwa igihe yifitemo ubusharire buke. Ubundi imyumbati yigiramo ubusharire ( aside) bugomba gukurwamo kugira ngo ibashe kuribwa. Imyumbati y'imiribwa yigiramo ubusharire buke butagira icyo butwaye. Imyumbati irura ihingwa kimwen'imyumbati y'imiribwa, ariko yifitemo ubusharire ku rugero rwo hejuru. Imyumbati y'imiribwa ishobora kugira urugero rw'ubusharire bungana na 40/1000000, naho imyumbati irura ikagira ubusharire ku rugero rwa 490/1000000. Urugero ruri hejuru ya 50/1000000 rufatwa nk'urwateza ibyago. Ubusharire mu myumbati irura ni ikibazo ku buzima bw'abantu, kereka bubanje kugabanywa kugera ku rugero rwihanganirwa. Iyo imyumbati igifite ubwo busharire iba ari uburozi bushobora kwica, ariko na none kubugabanya mu myumbati bikozwe ku buryo budatunganye na bwo na byo bishobora kwica mu gihe runaka, cyane cyane mu gihe ifunguro ribuzemo intungamubiri. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ubusharire mu myumbati. Kwanika imyumbati gusa bigabanya urugero rw'ubusharire, n'ubwo bishobora kuba bidahagije kugira ngo iribwe. Kwinika imyumbati mu mazi mbere yo kuyanika ni byo byizewe mu kugabanya ubusharire ku buryo nyabwo. Guhugutisha imyumbati uko yakabaye cyangwa yacagaguwemo uduce duto nabyo bigabanya ubusharire, kuyikaranga ndetse no kuyibiza inshuro nyinshi uhindura amazi na byo bigabanya ubusharire ku buryo iribwa nta kibazo.
Mu Rwanda dufite dufite amoko y'imyumbati menshi ariko afite ikibazo cyo kwibasiwa n'indwara n'ibyonnyi biyangiza. Ayo moko aragaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira:
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IGIHINGWA: IMYUMBATI ( Manihot esculentum Crantz) |
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Izina |
Kode |
Igihe yaziye |
Akarereyeramo |
Uburyohe |
Igihe yerera( Amezi) |
Umusaruro (t/ha) |
Ibindi biyiranga bya ngombwa |
|
Gitamisi |
Eala 07 |
1975 |
LA, MA
|
Irarura |
18 – 24 |
40 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ry'ikigina kijimye, inkondo y'ibibabi ni icyatsi kibisi n'umutuku, amababi ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina kijimye, bikaba umweru imbere. |
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Rutanihisha |
Creolinha |
1985 |
LA, MA
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Irarura |
15 – 18 |
40 - 45 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ni icyatsi kibisi n'umutuku, amababi ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Gacyacyali |
Gakondo |
1985 |
MA
|
Imiribwa |
12 – 15 |
25 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Gahene |
Gakondo |
1988 |
LA, MA
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Irarura |
12 – 15 |
30 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'umuhemba rivanze n'icyatsi kibizi, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
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Bukalasa |
GAkondo |
1985 |
LA, MA
|
Imberabyombi |
12 – 15 |
25 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi rivanze n'umutuku, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
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Iminayiro |
Gakondo |
1985 |
LA, MA
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Imberabyombi |
12 – 15 |
20 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ry'ikigins cyijimye, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhondo rivanze n'umutukucyatsi kibisi, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Mavuta |
Gakondo |
1988 |
LA, MA
|
Imberabyombi |
12 – 15 |
20 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi rivanze n'umutuku, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umuhondo imbere. |
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Nyirakarasi |
Gakondo |
1986 |
LA, MA
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Irarura |
12 – 15 |
25 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ribengerana, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'umuhemba rivanze n'icyatsi kibisi, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Kiryumukwe |
Gakondo |
1985 |
LA
|
Imiribwa |
10 – 15 |
25 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ribengerana, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi rivanze n'umuhondo, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Maguruyinkware |
Gakondo |
1985 |
LA, MA |
Imberabyombi |
12 - 15 |
20 -25 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n'isine, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ritukura rivanze n'icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
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Nyiramabuye |
Gakondo |
1985 |
LA
|
Imberabyombi |
15 |
35 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi rivanze n'umuhondo, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ritukura rivanze n'icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Imisurupiyo |
Gakondo
|
1985 |
LA, MA
|
Imberabyombi |
15 |
20 |
Ikunda gufatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
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Ndamirabana |
TME 14 |
2006 |
LA, MA |
Imiribwa |
10 - 12 |
40 |
Ntifatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati, yihanganira indwara y'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Cyizere |
I92/0057 |
2006 |
LA, MA |
Imberabyombi |
15 |
40 - 45 |
Ntifatwa n'indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati, yihanganira indwara y'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'umuhondo uvanze n'icyatsi kibisi, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi kijya kuba umuhondo, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
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Mbakungahaze |
95/NA/00063 |
2006 |
LA, MA |
Irarura |
12 |
45 |
Yihanganira indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'umuringa, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni umweru inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
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Mbagarumbise |
MH95/0414 |
2006 |
LA, MA |
Imberabyombi |
12 – 15 |
30 – 35 |
Yihanganira indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ribengerana, inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
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Rwizihiza |
MM96/3920 |
2009 |
LA, MA |
Imiribwa |
12 |
30 - 35 |
Ntifatwa n' indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'umuringa,inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Seruruseke |
MM96/5280 |
2009 |
LA, MA |
Imiribwa |
12 |
25 - 30 |
Ntifatwa n' indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'umuringa,inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
|
Mavoka |
MM96/0287 |
2009 |
LA, MA |
Imiribwa |
10-12 |
35 -40 |
Ntifatwa n' indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'isine,inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umutuku uvanze n'icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umuhondo imbere. |
|
Garukunsubire |
MM96/7204 |
2009 |
LA, MA |
Imiribwa |
12 |
30 - 35 |
Ntifatwa n' indwara y'ububembe bw'imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n'agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by'ibara ry'isine,inkondo y'ibibabi ifite ibara ry'umutuku uvanze n'icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry'ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umuhondo imbere. |
LA = Imisozi migufi, MA = Imisozi iciriritse
RWA
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