Kwita ku gihingwa

1. Ifumbire n’inyongeramusaruro

Mu buhinzi bw’urusenda rukaze, kumenya inyongeramusaruro ya nyayo ni cyo kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi gituma umusaruro uba mwiza. Uburyo bwiza bwakoreshwa mu kwita ku gihingwa buterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye nyamara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba nziza kurusha izindi.

Ingengabihe: ingano y’inyongeramusaruro ikenerwa kuri hegitari n’igihe ikoreshwa

Kugira ngo igihingwa kitabweho uko bikwiye, inyongeramusaruro zishyirwamo ku rugero rwa kg 470.5 /ha za NPK (17-17-17), kg 130 /ha za  Ire na kg 50 za KCl.  Zose hamwe NPK 17-17-17na KCl zagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ingemwe zitewe. Naho Ire yagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 30 hashyizwemo inyongeramusaruro ku nshuro ya mbere.

 2. Kubagara no gusasira

Kubagara urusenga bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo umurima utazamo ibyatsi bibi bityo igihingwa ntigicuranwe n’ibyo byatsi bibi ibigitunga, urumuri n’amazi.

Gusasira urusenga ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri, gufasha  ubutaka kugira igipimo kidahinduka cy’ubushyuhe no kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka. Gusukira urusenda byagombye gukorwa nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemura. Gusukira binafasha mu gukuramo ibyatsi bibi.

3. Kuhira

Ni ngombwa cyane kuhira imizi y’urusenda. Kuhira ukarenza urugero cyangwa kuhiriza utuzi duke cyane byombi bishobora kwangiza urusenda. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko kuvomerera bikorwa mu bihe byabugenewe. Kuvomerera kenshi n’amazi atari menshi bikenewe mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Naho kuvomerera n’amazi menshi mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’intera nini bikenerwa mu butaka burimo ibumba.

Mu gihe hategurwa gahunda yo kuvomerera ni ngombwa kumenya uko imizi ingana bikagenderwaho.  Muri rusange ingano y’imizi igereranywa n’imikurire y’igihingwa kigaragara hejuru. Imizi yinjira mu butaka ku rugero rumwe igihingwa gikura kijya ejuru.

Hagendewe ku mpamvu zo kuvomerera, imikurire y’urusenda igabanyije mu byiciro bine:

• Icyiciro cya 1: Gufata kw’ingemwe: Iki cyiciro gishobora kugeza ku byumweru bibiri. Ingemwe iyo zimaze gufata ni bwo igihingwa gitangira gukura bigaragara. Muri iki gihe, bavomerera bakoresheje amazi make. Nyuma yo gufata kugeza  mbere gato y’uko uruyange rwa mbere ruzaho, ni ngombwa ko amazi yo kuvomerera agabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bituma imizi icengera cyane mu butaka ishakisha ubuhehere. Ibi bifasha igihingwa guhangana n’ibihe bibi mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kwirema bifashijwe n’ukwiyongera kw’imizi.
• Icyiciro cya 2: Imikurire y’igihingwa, kuzana uruyange n’imbuto: Ni ngombwa gukuba kabiri ingano y’amazi yakoreshwaga mu kuvomerera ugereranyije no mu cyiciro cya mbere
• Icyiciro cya 3: Kwirema kw’imbuto: Gukura biba bigeze ku ndunduro. Kuvomerera kuri iki cyiciro  ni ngombwa cyane kuko ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma mu buzima bwose igihingwa kizamara.
• Icyiciro cya 4: Kwera no gusarura: Igihingwa kiba kiremerewe n’imbuto. Kuvomerera bigomba kugabanuka.