Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko kuri Epinari

Indwara n'ibyonnyi

Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara

ibibara biza ku mababi bisa n’ibyinamye mu mazi bikagenda bikura bihinduka ikigina. Iyo indwara ikomeye ibice byanduye birihuza epinari zigasa n’izibabutse.

Ubu burwayi  buterwa n’igihe ubuhehere bukabije; mikorobi zigakwirakwizwa n’ amazi areka muri epinari.

Kurwanya iyi ndwara

• Guhinga imbuto z’ubwoko bwiza zavuye ku bihingwa bidafite uburwayi.
• Kwirinda kuvomerera baturutse hejuru aho bishoboka.
• Kuvomerera baturutse munsi kugira ngo bagabanye gutosa amababi.
• Gutera imiti yica ubukoko ikoze mu muringa bikorwa mu gihe indwara ibaye icyorezo ariko si bwo buryo bwizewe bwo kurandura burundu iyo ndwara.

Ibimenyetso

• Imbuto zimera zanga;
• Imbuto zimera zitangira kuzamura umutwe zigahita zipfa;
• Ingemwe ziragwingira, zikaba umuhondo cyane cyane amababi yo hasi
• Ingemwe zikura zanga
• Ingemwe zikura nabi, zikaraba izimaze gukura zikangirika;
• Imizi isa n’iyinamye mu mazi igahindura ibara igasa n’ikijuju cyangwa umukara

Kuburwanya

• Guhinga epinari mu butaka bwayoborewe amazi uko bikwiye;
• Kwitondera imiyoboro y’amazi kugira ngo ataba menshi akangiza epinari;
• Gutera imbuto zatunganyijwe neza n’umuti wica udukoko wabugenewe
• Kwirinda guhinga epinari wikurikiranyije mu murima zivuyemo.

Ibimenyetso by`iyi ndwara

• Ibimenyetso bibanza by’iyi ndwara ni ibibara by’umuhondo biza ku mimero no ku mababi bikagenda bikura uko iminsi ihita bikagahindura ibara bigasa n’umuringa wakoraho ukumva byumagaye;
• Udukoko dusa n’idoma twirunda ku gice cyo mu nsi cy’amababi;
• Iyo ubu burwayi bukomeye butuma amababi yihinahina agata isura yayo isanzwe.

Kuyirwanya

• Guhinga amoko ya epinari yizewe mu guhangana n’indwara;
• Gutera imiti yabugenewe bishobora gufasha kurinda igihingwa iyo itewe mbere y`uko indwara igifata.

4. Fizariyoze (Fusarium wilt Fungus Fusarium oxysporum)

Ibimenyetso

• Amababi akuze ahinduka umuhondo;
• Igihingwa gikura imburagihe,  kikanapfa vuba;
• Igihingwa gitanga imbuto nke  cyangwa kigapfa mbere y’uko gitanga imbuto;
• Ingirangingo z’ibihingwa bikuze zihindura ibara zikijima
• Ingemwe zishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa no gutota, imimero ikuma bityo ingemwe zigapfa.
• Ku mizi hazaho ibibara by’umukara bigaragara nko gukomereka.

Kuyirwanya

• Kwirinda guhinga epinari mu murima uzwi ko wigeze kugira ubu burwayi cyangwa se mu murima wahinzwemo epinari mu mwaka washize;
• Gutera epinari mbere y’igihe bishobora kurinda ingemwe kwandura indwara bitewe n’uko igipimo cy’ubushyuhe mu butaka kiba kikiri hasi.
• Kwirinda kuvomerera n`amazi menshi cyane mu gihe cy`uruyange no kuzana imbuto

Ibimenyetso

• Amababi ahinduka umuhondo cyangwa se akagira ibibara by’umuhondo, bishushanyijemo ibibara bizenguruka;
• Amababi arizinga maze igihingwa kikagwingira

Bene izi ndwara ziterwa na virusi  zikwirakwizwa n`udukoko dutandukanye nk’inda n’uduhunduguru.

Kuzirwanya

• Kubagara neza bakuramo ibyatsi bibi mu mpande z`igihingwa;
• Muri rusange gutera imiti yica ubukoko ntabwo bigira umumaro mu kurwanya uburwayi ariko bishobora gufasha mu kurinda ikwirakwira ry`iyi ndwara mu yindi mirima iri hafi.

Ibimenyetso

• Ibibara by`umuhondo ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw’amababi;
• Agatsiko k’udukoko tw’umweru twibumbye nk’itara ku ruhande rwo hasi rw`amababi dushobora no gukwirakwira no ku ruhande rwo hejurumu gihe uburwayi bumaze gukara;
• Ibihingwa byamaze kwandura usanga nta mbaraga bigifite ndetse bikaraba; iyo ikirere atari cyiza byongera ibyago byo gukura kw`indwara.

Kuyirwanya

• Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa epinari bubasha kwihanganira indwara kurusha ubundi;
• Aho bakoresheje uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara batera imiti yabugenewe ni na ngombwa ko bita ku buryo bukwiriye bwo kurinda ubutaka kugira ngo hagabanuke ibyago byo kwandura indwara zidahangarwa n`iyo miti.

Ubu bukoko bukiri buto bwinjira mu mababi bukayacukura, bugacukura imiyoboro muri ¼ cy`amababi. Igishishwa cy`inyuma cy`amababi kirinda ubu bukoko kuribwa n`amavubi cyangwa utundi dusimba duhiga ubukoko bwo mu mirima.

Epinari zihinze mu gace ubu bukoko bwiganje zisaba kuzigenzura cyane kandi hakagira igikorwa vuba kugira ngo hirindwe ko byaba icyorezo gikomeye mu gihe byaba

bitinze. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwirinda bugira akamaro cyane mu kurwanya ubu bukoko.

Uko Agasazi karya amababi kangiza epinari

Amagi y’agasazi kangiza amababi

Agasazi karya amababi gakuze (6.4 mm)

Ibimenyetso

• Ku mababi hazaho utwobo dufite ishusho ya mpandeshatu cyangwa utw’uruziga twegeranye;
• Udukoko tukiri buto turyagagura amababi agasigara ashawanyaguritse
• Ku tubuto hazaho ubushye busa n’ubwumagaye, ku mababi hakazaho ibirundo by`amagi yutu dukoko agera kuri 50 -150
• Ibirundo bw’amagi y’utu dukoko biba bitwikiriwe n’ibintu by’umweru bisa n’ipamba cyangwa ibihu;
• Udukoko tukiri buto dusa n’icyatsi kibisi cyerurutse gishyira umuhondo naho udukoko dukuze tugasa n’icyatsi kibis cyijimye tukagira umurongo wijimye wambukiranya umubiri watwo n’ibara ry’iroza cyangwa umuhondo mu ruhande rwo hasi.

• Mu buryo bwo kurwanya utu dukoko harimo gukoresha ibizirana na two kugira ngo twoye guhirahira dufata epinari ndetse  no gukoresha umuti wa Bacillus thuringiensis;
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• Habaho imiti yabugenewe ikoresha mu rwego rwo kubona umusaruro mwiza wo kugeza ku isoko, ariko iyagenewe uturima tw’igikoni ntabwo igira ingufu zo kurwanya utu dukoko uko bikwiye.

Ibimenyetso

• Udukoko dutoya tworohereye bufata ku gice cyo munsi cy’amababi cyangwa ku gihimba
• Utwo dukoko tugira ibara ry’ictatsi kibisi cyangwa umuhondo, ariko dushobora no gusa n’iroza, isine, umutuku cyangwa umukara bitewe n’ubwoko bw’igihingwa turiho;
• Iyo utu dukoko tubaye twinshi,butuma amababi ahinduka umuhondo agata isura, amababi akazana ibabara cyangwa igihingwa kikagwingira.
• Utu dukoko tuzana ibintu bimatira nk’`ubuki ari byo bitera igihingwa kubora.

• Iyo utu dukoko twafashe amababi amwe n’amwe cyangwa ibihingwa bimwe atari byose byafashwe ibyafashwe bishobora kurandurwa mu murima hagasigaramo ibizima.
• Kugenzura neza ingemwe zigemurwa mbere yo kuzitera
• Gutera ubwoko buboneka buzwi ko bwihanganira indwara;
• Isaso ikurura urumuri cyane cyane ifite ibara ry’isine ikoze muri pulasitiki ishobora kurinda utu dukoko gufata igihingwa cya epinari.
• Ingemwe zikomeye bashobora kuzisukaho amazi afite ingufu kugira ngo akureho utwo dukoko.
• Imiti yica udukoko ikenerwa iyo utu busimba twakabije kuba twinshi kuko ubundi epinari zibasha kwihangana igihe tukiri dukeya.

Imiti yica udukoko ikoze nk’isabune cyangwa nk’amavuta nk’umuti w’amavuta wa Neem ( Soma Nimu) cyangwa

• Canola ( Soma Kanola) iba myiza mu kurwanya utu dukoko.
• Ni ngombwa kureba neza imikoreshereze y’umuti yanditse mbere yo kuwutera