Kurwanya indwara n’ibyonnyi by’ingenzi ku bigori

1. Nkongwa y’ibigori: ni udukoko bita Busseola fusca, sesania colanistis, eldana sacharina. Utwo dukoko dukwirakwizwa n’utunyugunyugu dutera amagi mu bigori mu gihe cy’imicyo. Ubwone bu­garagazwa n’imyobo mu ruti, mu ntete no ku mababi y’ibigori, ikikijwe n’amabyi ya nkong­wa.

Ibimenyetso bya nkongwa y’ibigori

Ibimenyetso bya Nkongwa y’ibigori: ubwone bwa Busseola fusca ku mababi y’ibigori (A) imyobo y’ubwone (B) imyobo n’umwanda wa Nkongwa mu ruti rw’ikigori rw’ikigori (C), umutima w’igihingwa cy’kigori wapfuye( D), ubwone ku kigori n’intete zacyo, (E) n’imyobo yuzuyemo umwanda wa Nkongwa n.intete zariwe (F).

Bayirwanya batera kare, basimburanya ibihingwa, kurunda ibigorigori mu kimpoteri cyabyo cyangwa gukoresha imiti nka Dursban 48% 1,5l/Ha cyangwa béta-cyfluthrine 2,5%  hakoreshejwe ml 10 z’umuti muri litiro 10 z’amazi kuri ari 1.
2. Indwara y’imigongo cyangwa ingenge y’amabara bita “Maize streak virus” ikwirakwizwa n’agakoko bita Cicadulina rubila. Igaragazwa n’imirongo y’umweru ku kibabi.

Ibimenyetso bw’ingenge z’amababi y’ibigori

 Bayirwanya baterera rimwe kandi kare,  bakarandura ibyafashwe bishobora gukwirakwiza indwara.
3. Kubabuka kw’amababi y’ibigori: iyi indwara iterwa n’agahumyo bita “Helmnthosporium turcicum“. Ni indwa­ra ifata amababi y’ikigori ikagaragazwa n’amabara manini arambuye ku mababi. Ikara cyane mu gihe cy’imvura.

Ibimenyetso by’indwara ibabura amababi y’ibigori.

Mu kuyikumira no kuyirwanya, batera ku gihe imbuto zihanganira iyo ndwara kandi hagakores­hwa imbuto ihungijwe umuti wa Thiran na benomyl. Ni ngombwa kandi kurunda ibigorigori mu cyimpoteri cyabyo ahitaruye.

4. Nkongwa idasanzwe

Nkongwa idasanzwe (Fall Armyworm: Spodoptera frugiper- da) ni icyonnyi kidasanzwe gitera igihombo kinini cyane iyo kitarwanyijwe bikwiye. Icyi cyonnyi cyibasira cyane cyane ibigori ndetse n’ibindi bihingwa nk’amasaka n’ibisheke.

Nkongwa idasanzwe n’ubwone bwayo    Nkongwa idasanzwe ifite ishushyo y’inyuguti ya “Y”

Kuyirinda

• Guhinga ugeza isuka hasi  ugamije  kugaragaza, kuvanamo cyangwa gutaba  nkongwa    n’ibikonoshwa byayo,
• Kubagara umurima igihe cyose hagaragayemo ibyatsi no kugira isuku mu nkengero zawo,
• Gukura mu murima ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa nyuma yo gusarura,
• Kongerera ibihingwa ubudahangarwa hakoreshwa ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza n’imvar   uganda ku bipimo nyabyo hamwe no kuhira,
• Gusimburanya mu murima ibinyampeke n’ibinyamisogwe (ibishyimbo, soya,..) cyangwa   n’ibinyabijumba (ibirayi, ibijumba),
• Gusura umurima byibuze inshuro eshatu mu cyumweru, ureba niba nta bimenyetso by’iki   cyonnyi birimo.

Igihe ubisanzemo ihutire gutanga amakuru ku babishinzwe (Abajyanamab’ubuhinzi, abafashamyumvire, n’abashinzwe ubuhinzi mu Kagari, Umurenge, Akarere,RAB…)

Kuyirwanya

• Gutoragura nkongwa mumurima no kuzica,
• Gukoresha umuti wica udukoko nka:

•  Cypermethrin 4%+profenofos 40% (urugero: roket, target, cypro, jaket,…)    ku rugero rwa 1-2 ml z’umuti muri 1l z’amazi,
• Lambda-Cyhalothrin 50g/l, ku rugero rwa 1-2 ml z’umuti muri 1l z’amazi,
• Pyrethrum 5% EWC, ku rugero rwa 8ml muri 1l y’amazi
• Acetamiprid 20g/l + Lambda-Cyhalothrin 16g/l, 4-6ml muri 1l y’amazi,
•  Imidacloprid 200g/l ku rugero rwa 1ml muri 1l y’amazi.

 

5. Cyumya/ Kirabiranya y’ibigori

Cyumya/ Kirabiranya y’ibigori ni idwara iterwa na virusi z’ubwoko bubiri ari zo  Maize chlorotic mottle virus (Machlomovirus: Tombusviridae) na  Sugarcane mosaic virus (Potyvirus: Potyviridae) cyangwa se ubundi bwoko bwa virusi ifata ibinyampeke yo mu bwoko bwitwa Potyviridae.

Ibimenyetso

Cyumya/ Kirabiranya y’ibigori yigaragaza ku buryo bwinshi bitewe n’ubwoko, ikigero cy’ubwandu n’ibihe. Mu bimenyetso

biyigaragaza harimo amababi y’ikigori cyafashwe ahinduka umuhondo hanyuma agatangira kwuma ahereye ku mpande agana imbere. Iyo gifashwe kikiri gito cyuma gihereye ku mutwe. Iyo gifashwe cyaramaze guheka, umuheko ugaragara nk’aho ikigori cyeze, nyamara iyo uwuvanyeho ibishishwa usanga imbere intete zidakuze kandi ari nke cyane (Castillo and Herbert, 1974; Castillo Loayza, 1977; Niblett and Caflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1981).

Ibimenyetso bya Cyumya/Kirabiranya y’ibigori

Uburyo bwo kuyirinda no kuyirwanya

• Gukoresha imbuto zujuje ubuziranenge ziboneka ku bacuruzi b’inyongera  musaruro bemewe;
• Gukurikiza amabwiriza y’imihingire myiza atangwa n’abamamaza buhinzi (urugero: guterera ku gihe, guterera rimwe, intera zo gutereraho, igerambuto, gufumbira neza, kubagara, n’ibindi…),
• Kurandura no gukuraho ibigori byose byagaragaje uburwayi bigatabwa nibura mu cyobo gifite metero imwe (m1) y’ubujyakuzimu,
• Kwirinda gutera ibigori hafi y’umurima ugaragaramo Cyumya/Kirabiranya,
• Gusimburanya ibigori n’ibindi bihingwa bitari ibinyampeke,
• Kutagaburira amatungo impungure zasaruwe ku bigori birwaye,
• Kwirinda gukwirakwiza imbuto cyangwa ibikomoka ku bigori byagarayeho indwara, uva mu karere ujya mu kandi.