Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku gihingwa cya sukuma wiki

 

1. Ruyongobezamimero (Rhizoctonia solani)

Ni indwara iterwa n’agahumyo ko mu butaka. Iyi ndwara ifata imbuto n’ingemwe. Imbuto zishobora kurwara mbere yo kuterwa cyangwa zageze mu butaka. Akenshi ingemwe ziba ikigina hanyuma zikuma. Uduhumyo dushobora kugaragara ku butaka hujeru dusa n’ikigina. Ibigundu byanduye bishobora kwanduza ibindi

Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Ruyongobezamimero ku rugemwe rwa Sukumawiki

Kuyirwanya
Randura ibigundu byamaze kwandura. Irinde ko ibisigazwa bya Sukumawiki cyangwa imboga zo mu bwoko bumwe bisigara mu murima. Simburanya ibihingwa buri

myaka 4.   Ubutaka bugomba guhora bukamuwemo amazi kandi bukanyuramo akayaga

  2. Ububore bw'umukara Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris)

Ububore bw’umukara ni indwara ikomeye ifata amashu mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi n’ikime. Udukoko twa bagiteri dutera ububore bw’umukara dushobora kurenza igihembwe cy’ihinga twihishe mu mbuto, mu byatsi bibi bigira indabo byimeza mu mirima y’amashu n’ibindi bihingwa byo mu muryango umwe cyangwa se mu bihingwa byafashwe bitabye mu butaka. Iyi ndwara ikunda gukara mu gihe hatose n’ubushyihe bwinshi.

Ibimenyetso:

• Amabara y’umuhondo, ikigina n’umukara afite ishusho ry’inyuguti ya

“V“agaragara ku mababi.

• Ibimenyetso bya Bagiteri bigaragara ku mpande z’amababi yafashwe

Ifoto igragaza ububore bw’umukara ku mamabi ya Sukumawiki

Kuyirwanya:

• Gutera ingemwe zitarwaye;
• Kurandura ingemwe zose zafashwe n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa mu murima no kubitwika;

• Gutera umuti urwanya udukoko urimo umuringa ku ngemwe nzima zasigaye (urugero: Copper-oxychloride: g 250/ muri litiro 250 kuri Ha) kugira ngo urwanye ko ubwandu bwakomeza gukwira.

3. Indwara y'uruhumbu(perenospora parasitica)

Ibimenyetso biyiranga ni ibibara by’ikigina kijya gutukura biza ku ruhande rwo hasi rw’amababi naho uruhande rwo hejuru rukazaho ibikomere bisa n’ikigina kijya kuba umuhondo. Uburwayi butuma amashu abora.  

Ifoto igaragaza indwara y’uruhumbu ku mashu

 

Kuyirwanya:

• Gutwika ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa byanduye nyuma yo gusarura;
• Gutera umuti wa Mancozeb cyangwa umuti urimo umuringa ku ntera y’iminsi 15 uhereye igihe indwara yagaragariye

4. Inda  z'amashu

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw’inda zangiza amashu mu Karere ka Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, nk’inda z’amashu (Brevicoryne brassicae), udusimba dusa n’inda z’amashu (Lipaphis erysimi), inda z’icyatsi kibisi (Myzus persicae).  By’umwihariko, inda z’amashu ni cyo cyonnyi cy’ingenzi cyangiza amashu na Sukumawiki muri aka karere. Ikirere gifutse kandi cyumutse ni cyo gifasha inda z’amashu kororoka. Inda nyinshi zishobora kwandiza ingemwe ntoya. Inda zishobora kurya amababi y’ingemwe zikuze zigatuma ayo mababi  yangirika akikunja.

 

Ifoto igaragaza inda z’amashu

 

Kuzirwanya:

• Kuvanga Sukumawiki n’ibitunguru, Tungurusumu, Koliyanda n’ibindi bihingwa bikurura abanzi karemano b’inda z’amashu;
• Kwirinda ifumbire irimo Azote nyinshi  cyane;
• Gutera ingemwe mu mitabo ifumbiye neza kugira ngo igihingwa kigire imbaraga zo kwirwanaho;
• Gukura mu murima ibyatsi bibi byacumbikira inda;
• Gufata neza umurima ugamije gukurura abanzi karemano b’inda z’amashu nk’ ibivumvuri n’imiyugiri;
• Gusasiza ibiganagano  cyange shitingi ibonerana kuko ububasha ifite bwo kugarura imirasire y’izuba ibuza inda kugwa ku bihingwa;
• Kuvomereza amazi aturuka hejuru y’ibihingwa kugira ngo amanure inda zive ku mababi;
• Ku byerekeye imiti iranya udukoko, bakoresha umuti nka Cypermethrine, Roket,……

5.Urunyo rwangiza amashu(Plutella xylostella)

Urunyo rwangiza amshu ni icyonnyi gikomeye cyibasira ibihingwa byose byo mu muryango umwe n’amashu. Ikinyugunyugu kivuka ku runyo rumaze gukura gipima cm 1 y’uburebure.  Utwana tw’urwo runyo turya turya amababi, tugasiga imitsi yayo yanamye. Icyi cyonnyi kibangamira gukura kw’ingemwe zikiri nto kandi kigacukura imyobo mu mababi.

  

Ifoto igaragaza ubwone bw’urunyo ku mashu

Kururwanya:

• Kugira ngo urwanye urunyo rwangiza mu mirima mito, utwikiriza ingemwe udutambaro twa nilo kugira ngo tubuze ibinyugunyugu gutera amagiku mababi no ku ngemw.
• Kuvanga ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n’amashu Brassicas n’ibihingwa bifite impumuro yirukana urunyo nk’inyanya byagaragaye ko zigabanya inyo zangiza amashu. Mu gihe bagiye kuvanga inyanya n’amashu, amashu aterwa iminsi 30 nyuma y’inyanya.
• Kururwanya ukoresha ibinyabuzima birurwanya nk’amavubi (Diadegma semiclausum) yagaragaje ko arwanya urunyo rwangiza amashu mu misozi miremire yo muri Kenya, Tanzaniya na Uganda.
• Imiti ikoze mu bimera nka Neem (soma Nimu) nayo irwanya urunyo rwangiza amashu.
• Uburyo bwo kurinda ibimera: gutera ibigori byinshi cyangwa amasaka menshi ahakikije umurima ku buryo iyo myaka isa n’ikoze uruzitiro na bwo bwagira akamaro kuko ibinyugunyugu bibyara urunyo bidashobora kuguruka ngo birenge ibigori cyangwa amasaka bijye gutera amagi ku mababi y’amashu azengurutswe n’ibigori cyangwa amasaka.
• Gukoresha imiti: imiti irimo nka DUDU-CYPER na ROKET (ku rugero rwa ml 1/muri litiro 1 y’amazi) . Ariko gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ntibikora cyane ku magi, ibyana bikuze n’ibgeze igihe cyo guhindukamo ibinyugunyugu.

6.Isazi y'umweru (Aleyrodes proletella)

Isazi z’umweru (Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum na Aleyrodes proletella) zirya ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n’amashu (Brassicas). Isazi z’umweru zikuze zireshya na mm 1.

Ifoto igaragaza isazi z’umweru ku mababi ya Sukumawiki

Kuyirwanya:

• Muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, ntabwo ubwone bw’isazi z’umweru ku bihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n’amashu bukabya cyane ku buryo hakenerwa ingamba zo kuzirwanya.  
• Abanzi karemano b’isazi z’umweru nk’ibivumvuri, imiswa irya isazi z’umweru n’ibihore bashobora kugabanya isazi z’umweru;
• Gukoresha amafumbire neza kuko gukoresha ifumbire irimo Azote nyinshi cyane bituma icyonnyi cyororoka,
• Gukoresha amavuta y’imyunyungugu, imiti ikoze muri  Neem ( soma Nimu) cyangwa kuvomereza amazi arimo isabune.