Soya

Gutegura umurima wa soya

• Kurwanya isuri.
• Kurima bwa mbere.
• Guhinga bwa kabiri (gutabira cyangwa gusanza) bagiye gutera imbuto.

Gufumbira

• Bashyiramo T 10 kuri ha z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza mu gihe cy’itabira.
• Bakongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda: Kg 100 bya DAP mu itera.
• Cyangwa se bakongeramo rizobiyumu (mikorobi) mu mbuto mbere yo gutera: agapfunyika ka g 40 kavangwa muri Kg 2 z’imbuto.

Gutera imbuto ya soya

• Batera Kg 70 kuri ha z’imbuto.
• Batera kuri cm 40 hagati y’imirongo na cm 10 ku mirongo (hagati y’urubuto n’urundi).
• Bashyira intete (imbuto) 1 mu kobo; mu bujyakuzimu bwa 5 cm.
• Igihe cy’itera: muri Nzeli (Season A), mu ntangiro za Gashyantare (Season B) no mu ntangiriro za Kamena (Season C) mu bishanga.

Gufata neza igihingwa cya soya

Kuyikenura (kuyikorera cyangwa kuyifata neza)

• Kubagara no gusukira soya ifite amababi 4.

Indwara z’ingenzi n’ibyonnyi ku gihingwa cya soya

Ibyonnyi:

a) Inyoni (inkoko, inuma, ….): zangiza cyane soya iyo ukimara kuyitera, imvura isanza ubutaka bw’intabire, inyoni zigatoraguramo imbuto ya soya. Ni yo mpamvu imbuto zigomba guterwa mu bujya kuzimu buhagije kandi hagashyirwa abana mu murima bo kurinda inuma cyangwa inyoni kugeza igihe soya imaze kuva mu butaka yose. Bongera kuyirinda iyo soya itangiye kwera kugeza ishize mu murima.

b) Nyamwihina: ni agakoko ko mu bwoko bw’ibinyugunyugu kitwa Lamprosema indicate). Akanyabwoya kako kagira ibara ry’icyatsi n’imirongo y’umukara ku mugongo.

Ibimenyetso

Igihingwa cyafashwe kigaragazwa n’amababi azingiye hamwe nk’azirikishijwe urudodo, nyamwihina irimo imbere.Yonera munsi y’ikibabi itagipfumuye. Nyamwihina igaragara mu gihe soya itangiye kurabya kandi hari izuba.

Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya no kuyikumira:

Iyo yafashe umurima wa soya bayirwanya batera umuti cypermethrine cyangwa deltamethrine cyangwa fenvalerate.

Indwara

c) Indwara y’utudomo tw’amababi: iterwa n’agahumyo bita Pyrenochaeta glycines.

Ikimenyetso:

Ku mababi haza utudomo tujya kuba uruziga, tw’ikigina kijya kuba ibihogo. Iyo amabara amaze igihe kirekire agenda aba ikijuju azengurutswe n’ikigina cyijimye ndetse kijya kuba umukara. Iyo ndwara yibasira cyane ibibabi byo hasi ikagaragara cyane mu gihe cy’imvura.

Uko barwanya iyo indwara: Uburyo bw’ingenzi ni ugusimburanya ibihingwa, soya ikagaruka nyuma y’imyaka ibiri.

d) Umugese

Iyi ndwara ifata amababi; ikarangwa n’ibimenyetso bikurikira: utudomo tw’umuhondo dutuma amababi aba umuhondo mbere y’igihe.

Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya

Gukoresha umuti witwa “Tilt” (ml 5 z’umuti zivangwa na l 10 z’amazi, ugaterwa kuri ari 1).

e) Udukoko turya amababi

Gusarura igihingwa cya soya

• Basarura soya yeze neza,
• Bagesa igihimba kiriho imisogwe ya soya, ikanikwa kugira ngo yume neza.
• Guhura soya wirinda kwangiza imbuto,
• Gutoranya imbuto zidafite ubusembwa, kuzihunika ahantu heza hatagera udusimba (mugugunnyi) twayangiza kandi hafutse.

Gufata neza umusaruro w’igihingwa cya soya

Soya igomba kubikwa ahantu hari ubuhehere ku rugero rw’ijanisha rya 10% cyangwa hasi yabwo. Soya iba yumye neza iyo iryinyo ritayiruma cyangwa ngo ube wayirya urwara. Imbuto za Soya ziba zifite ubuhehere bwa 4% . Kuyibika igihe kirekire cyangwa igihe kigufi bisaba  kugabanya ubuhehere kugeza kuri 13% iyo zizabikwa mu gihe kirekire no hagati ya 10–11%. iyo zizabikwa igihe gito. Uburyo bwiza bwo kubika Soya ni ukuyishyira mu mifuka yinjiza umwuka y’ibiro 50 cyangwa kg 100 ukayibika mu cyumba gikonja. Ni ngombwa kwirinda ubushyuhe mu buhunikiro bwa Soya kuko buyangiza..