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Ikiraro cy'intama

Ikiraro cy’intama

1. Uko ikiraro kigomba kuba kingana

• Inyagazi y’intama iri kumwe n’abana bayo kugeza bacutse ikenera ahantu hafite m² 1,5

• Isekurume y’intama bayigenera m² 2

• Umwana w’intama ufite munsi y’amezi 8 agenerwa m² 0,7

Kugaburira amatungo

Kugaburira intama

  • Intama itungwa n’ibyatsi ;
  • Iyo ihaka ni byiza kuyongerera igaburo. Bayiha imvange gr 100-150 ku munsi (mu mezi abiri ya nyuma). Bituma ibyara abana banini kandi na yo igakomeza kuba nziza. Iyo yonsa bayiha gr 300-400 ku munsi bakurikije umubare w’abana ;
  • Isekurume bayiha gr 300 z’imvange iyo yimya ;
  • Iyo zicutse, intama baziha gr 50-100 z’imvange ku munsi.

Umusaruro

  • Intama iyo ibazwe itanga inyama mu rugero rwa 48% kugeza 50% ku zimeze neza.

Ubuzima bw'amatungo

Indwara z’intama n’uburyo bwo kuzirwanya

Indwara Ikigero cy’intama zifatwa Ibimenyetso Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya
1. Inzoka zo mu nda Intama ntoya n’inkuru Guhitwa, kunanuka, kudakura neza, gukorora

Imiti y’inzoka

Kugira isuku
2.Ibinwete Intama nto n’izikuze Ibinwete  ni yo ndwara y’uruhu ifata cyane intama. Ni indwara iterwa na virusi kandi yandura cyane, ishobora no kwibasira abantu. Ubusanzwe virus iyitera ituma ku ruhu haza ibibyimba bikomeye cyane cyane ku munwa, amazuru, amaso, icebe n’imyanya myibarukiro. Iyo igitangira, iyi ndwara igaragazwa n’uduheri dutukura tuza ku munwa, aho urwasaya rwo hasi n’urwo hejuru bihurira

Kuvura iyi ndwara akenshi ntacyo bitanga, kuko iyo yafashe intama imara hagati y’icyumweru kimwe n’ibtumweru bine.

Hariho inkingo ziyikingira. Batera urukingo ku gice kitariho ubwoya cy’imbere mu gutwi, cyangwa  munsi y’akaguru, aho rudashobora kuba rwakwira ngo rugere ku minwa y’andi matungo. Iyo ukoresheje urwo rukingo, ugomba guhora urukoresha buri mwaka. Amatungo atararwara iyo ndwara ntagomba kuyingirwa kuko urukingo rwinjiza virusi iyitera mu bworozi.
3. Ifumbi Ifumbi ni indwara terwa na za bagiteri, ikabyimbisha icebe. Habaho ubwoko bubiri bw’ifumbi: ifumbi yoroheje y’igihe gito n’ifumbi ihoraho. Icebe ry’inyagazi irwaye ifumbi y’igihe gito rishobora guhindura ibara rikijima, rikabyimba ndetse rigahinda umuriro mwinshi.  Intama yafashwe n’iyo fumbi ntiba ishaka kugenda, ishobora kuzamura akaguru kamwe k’inyuma kandi ntitume abana bayo bonka. Intama irwaye ifumbi ihoraho akenshi ntushobora kubimenya. Ubusanzwe ifumbi bayivuza imiti ( antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs) ) batera mu icebe Nta rukingo rw’ifumbi rubaho, ibyiza ni ukuyirinda ugirira isuku amatungo kandi ukayafata neza.
4. Amakore Intama nkuru  Kuramburura yendaga kubyara ndetse no kudasohora iya nyuma ni byo  kimenyetso by’iyi ndwara. Ku mfizi iyi ndwara itera ibisebe mu myanya myibarukiro. Intama zigomba gusuzumwa amakore, izigaragaye ko zanduwe zigashyirwa mu kato cyangwa zikavanwa mu bworozi
5. Umuzimire Intama nto n’izikuze Impiswi, umwuma, intege nke n’urupfu ni ibimenyetso by’umuzimire mu ntama ntoya n’izikuze. Iyo intama zirwaye umuzimire ntizitanga umukamo ushimishije n’amata abonetse aba afite impumuro mbi.  Iyi ndwara isuzumwa hakoreshejwe ibyo intama yitumye. Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuyivura ni nka Sulphamezathine cyangwa  sulphadimidine 0.2 gm/kg y’uburemere bw’umubiri,  Amprosol 20% : 100 mg/kg mu gihe cy’iminsi 4-5 cyangwa  Zoaquin
6. Uburenge Intama nto n’inkuru

Iyi ndwara ikunda kugira ingaruka ziri mu rugero ku ntama nkuru. Iyafashwe igira ibisebe ku rurimi, ku munwa, ishinya n’aho amenyo afatira, ku ruhu rwo hagati y’ibinono ndetse no ku icebe rimwe na rimwe. Intama nkuru yafashwe ishobora gucumbagira. Intama nto zafashwe n’iyi ndwara zishobora gupfa.

 

 Gushyira mu kato intama yafashwe no gukingira izisigaye ukibona ko uburenge bwateye. Intama yafashwe yogeshwa amasabune yabugenewe nka Alum, Alum, Potassium permanganate, no gusiga umuti wa boroglycerine ku bisebe.
7. Ibisebe byo mu binono Intama nto n’izikuze Ibisebe byo mu binono ni yo ndwara yandura ikunze kudindiza ubworozi bw’intama. Iterwa na bagiteri 2: Bacteroides nodosus, ishobora kuba mu kinono cy’intama gusa na Fusobacterium necrophorum, isanzwe iboneka mu butaka no mu ifumbire y’intama. Ibisebe byo mu kinono wabirwanya ukoresheje uburyo bukomatanyije bwo gukingira, gukata ibinono, koza ibinono cyangwa kubyinika mu miti yabugenewe irimo Zenke ( Zinc).

Kororoka kw'intama

Kororoka kw’intama

  • Ku ntama 100 zimye, habyara 85;
  • Ku ntama 100 zibyara, havuka abana 140 ku nyarwanda, 180 ku za kijyambere;
  • Intama ibangurirwa bwa mbere imaze amezi 8 ivutse, icyo gihe iba ifite ibiro hafi 23 ku za kijyambere, na 12 ku  Nyarwanda;
  • Isekurume imwe ihagije inyagazi 50, igatangira kwimya ifite amezi 15 ivutse;
  • Intama ihaka iminsi 149-152 (amezi 5);
  • Yonsa amezi atatu, ishobora rero kubyara buri mezi 9 iyo yorowe kijyambere;
  • Intama iba ishaje iyo imaze imyaka 6-7 ivutse (iba itangiye gukuka amenyo);
  • Bahita bayikura mu bworozi.

Gucunga umutungo

Kwandika no kubika amakuru

Kwandika no kubika amakuru ku bworozi bw’intama ni ingenzi kuko bigaragaza ikintu cyose cyabaye ku bushyo mu gihe runaka. Byongeye kandi, bifasha gucunga neza amatungo kuko byerekana inkomoko y’intama bigafasha no guhitamo ubwoko bwiza wayibanguriraho. Kwandika no kubika amakuru ku bworozi bw’intama kandi bifasha gutegura neza ingengo y’imari izakoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kubuteza imbere.

Aha twagaragaje amakuru akenewe kwandikwa no kubikwa mu bworozi bw’intama. Agaciro n’akamaro k’amakuru agomba kwandikwa no kubikwa bitandukana bitewe n’uburyo bwo korora umworozi yahisemo:

  • Amakuru ku buzima bw’intama: aya makuru agaragaza  izarwaye, izapfuye, ibimenyetso zagaragaje, isuzuma ryakozwe, imiti n’inkingo zahawe n’ibindi.
  • Amakuru ku biryo byagaburiwe intama: ibi biragoye kugaragaza mu bworozi bw’amatungo arisha ku gasozi, ariko ku bworozi bugenewe isoko nko gukuza cyangwa kubyibushya intama zigaburirwa ibiryo byo mu nganda bishobora kwandikwa kugira ngo bifashe kubara igishoro n’inyungu.
  • Amakuru yerekeye kubangurira:kumenya imfizi, inyagazi n’intama zizikomokaho ni ingenzi mu bikorwa byo gufata ibyemezo byo kuvugurura icyororo, kugurisha cyangwa se kuvana zimwe mu ntama mu bworozi.
  • Amakuru ku ntama zavutse: aya makuru agaragaza umwirondoro w’izavutse, imfizi yazibyaye,ibiro zavukanye, italiki zavutseho, uburyo zavutsemo ( imwe cyangwa nyinshi), ndetse n’ibitsina byazo.
  • Amakuru ku mukamo: kwandika amakuru ku mukamo rimwe mu cyumweru  byaba bihagije kugira ngo byerekane ingano y’amata y’amata aboneka. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, iyo umworozi yorora ihene n’intama zitanga amata cyangwa se izitanga inyama, ashobora guhitamo izikamwa cyane akaba ari zo abikaho amakuru y’umukamo rimwe mu cyumweru.
  • Amakuru ku mikurire: hapimwa ibiro intama zungutse mu gihe cyagenwe ( bishobotse buri kwezi).
  • Amakuru ku mibare y’intama zigize mu bushyo n’ibindi bintu by’agaciro.
  • Umusaruro w’inyama: kwandika amakuru ku musaruro w’inyama ziva ku ntama ibaze ni ingenzi, cyane cyane mu bworozi bushingiye ku muryango. Aya makuru yaboneka mu mabagiro mu gihe ari ho intama zibagirwa.

. Amoko

Mu Rwanda, dufite amoko abiri y’intama: intama z’inyarwanda ( Gakondo) n’intama zo mu bwoko bwa Merino zitanga ubwoya n’ibyimanyi by’aya moko abiri.

  • Intama gakondo

Intama gakondo yororerwa guherekeza inka no gutanga ifumbire. Yakomotse muri Afurika, ikaba ifite umurizo muremure kandi ubyibushye.

  • Mérinos ( soma “Merino”)

Inyagazi yo mu bwoko bwa Merino n’akana kayo

Intama yo mu bwoko bwa Merinmo yororwa ahanni hagamijwe kuyikuraho ubwoya. Umubyimba wayo ni muto ugereranyije n’intama zitanga inyama. Intama yo mu bwoko bwa Merino ikenera kogoshwa byibura rimwe mu mwaka kuko ubwoya bwayo budahagarara gukura. Iyo ubwoya bubaye bwishi cyane bukamera nk’ikote bushobora gutuma intama ishyuha cyane, ikagira ibibazo byo kugenda ndetse n’ubuhumyi.