Ingurube

Kugaburira ingurube

Kwita ku buzima bw’ingurube

1. Gukumira indwara

• Ingurube zigomba kororerwa ahantu hasukuye,
• Umworozi agomba kurwanya inzoka n’udukoko two ku mubiri,
• Ingurube zigomba gusasirwa hakoreshejwe ishinge cyangwa ibarizo,
• Aho iryama hagomba kuba hacuramye kugira ngo amaganga atarekamo ahubwo asohoke,
• Iyo iryama hejuru ku mbaho, hagomba gusigazwamo utwenge duto kugira ngo amaganga acemo,
• Na none hasi aho maganga atembera naho hagomba kuba hacuramye.
• Isaso igomba kuvanwa mu kiraro byibura gatatu mu cyumweru;
• Kabiri mu mwaka, ikiraro kigomba kozwa hakoreshejwe ishwagara; mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kubyara ikiraro cyozwa hakoreshejwe kirolini 5%.

2.Kurwanya indwara zifata ingurube

Indwara	Ikigero cy’ingurube zifatwa	Ibimenyetso	Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya
1. Inzoka zo mu nda (asikarisi)	Ingurube ntoya cyane cyane	Kudindira mu gukura, kutarya, kunanuka cyane, guhinduriza ubwoya	Piperazine Kororera mu kiraro
2. Salumonelozisi	Ifata cyane cyane ibibwana	Kugira umuriro mwinshi, kuruka, guhitwa cyane, gukamukamo amazi, guhumeka nabi, kuzana amabara asa n’ubururu hapfa 25-60% by’izafashwe	Kwita ku isuku Kuvuza imiti (antibiotiques) n’irwanya impiswi
3. Muryamo y’ingurube	Ingurube ntoya n’inkuru	Kugira umuriro mwinshi 41-42°C, kuruka, guhitwa amaraso, kubyimba amaso harimo n’amashyira, gucika igice cy’inyuma (amaguru) kuzana amabara y’amaraso ku ruhu, kuramburura ku zihaka amezi makuru	Kugira isuku Kororera mu kiraro
4. Rushi	Ingurube nkuru	Nta bimenyetso byihariye uretse kubona rushi ku rurimi	Kororera mu kiraro Gutwika ingurube zirwaye
5. Impiswi (Colibacillosis)	Ingurube ntoya	Guhitwa cyane amazi agakamuka mu mubiri, kubyimba ku ruhu, kugira ibisazi	Guha iyafashwe amazi, imiti nka Tetracyclines, – Chloramphenicole, Colistine na sulfamides

Kororoka kw’ingurube

• Ingurube bayibangurira ifite kg 115-120, iba ifite hafi amezi 8 ivutse, ku z’ubwoko bwiza naho inyarwanda, iba
• ifite ibiro 80-90 imaze amezi 12 ivutse;
• Hagomba imfizi 1 ku nyagazi 20;
• Ingurube ihaka iminsi 114. Iyo icukirije amezi abiri, ishobora kubwagura kabiri mu mwaka
• Ingurube nziza ibwagura muri rusannge ibibwana 10 uko ibwaguye, ikaba yacutsa ibibwana 8.
• Mu mezi abiri, ikibwana gishobora gucuka gifite kg 15
• Iyo inyagazi y’ingurube imaze kubwagura inshuri 6, muri rusange iba imaze imyaka 4 y’amavuko, igomba  kuvanwa  mu bworozi. Ariko ishobora kuvanwa mu bworozi igihe cyose babona ko ibyara nabi.

 Amoko y’ingurube

• Ubwoko gakondo

1. Ibiburanga:

• Ingurube nyarwanda igira uruhu rw’umukara, rimwe na rimwe uvanze n’ibara ryera;
• Agahanga ni kagufi,
• Ikinwa ni kirekire,
• Amatwi ni matoya akaba yemye
• Uruti rwayo ni ruto,
• Amaguru ni maremare kandi afite umubyimba muto.

1. Ibyiza byabwo

• Ubwo bwoko burwanya indwara,
• Bwihanganira ubushyuhe,
• Yemera indyo iyo ari yo yose.
• Ubu bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 8 -10,
• Bubyara kabiri mu mwaka.
• Urubyaro rwa mbere ruboneka ingurube ifite umwaka n’igice (amezi 16 ) cyangwa imyaka ibiri( amezi 24s).
• Iyi ngurube ikura buhoro, igira ibiro 120 yujuje umwazaka n’igice.

• Inenge

1. Inenge yayo ni uko iyo ikuze igira ibinure byinshi, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka, na yo igata agaciro.

• Ubwoko bwa Large White ( Soma “Lajiwayiti”)

1. Ibiburanga
2. Ubwo bwoko bufite uruhu rwera,
3. Agahanga kanini gacuritse, ikinwa kinini ;
4. Amatwi ni manini kandi arashinz ;
5. Bufite umubiri munini ugizwe n’inyama nyinshi;
6. Amaguru yabwo ni manini kuko agizwe n’inyama nyinshi.

1. Ibyiza byabwo

• Ubwo bwoko bugerageza kurwanya indwara ariko busaba kugaburirwa neza cyane ;

1. Ubwo bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 10-12, kabiri mu mwaka;
2. Iyo ngurube ibwagura ubwa mbere ifite amezi 12,
3. Ikura vuba, igira ibiro 70 ku mezi 5,
4. Itanga umusaruro mwiza cyane w’inyama, ariko ikenera isuku no kugaburirwa neza cyane.

• Ubwoko bwa Landrace (Soma “Landiresi”)
• Ibiburanga

1. Ubu bwoko na bwo bufite uruhu rwera,
2. Agahanga karekare kandi kabyimbye ;
3. Amatwi manini aratendera;
4. Umubiri wayo ni muremure ugereranyije na Lajiwayiti

• Inenge

1. Ubwo bwoko ntibufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kurwanya indwara, zifatwa n’indwara ku buryo bworoshye.

• Andi moko y’ibyimanyi

1. Lajiwayiti*Inyarwanda: irwanya indwara kandi itanga umusaruro ushimishije iyo igaburize neza.
2. Lajiwayiti*Landiresi * Duroc : ubwo bwoko buherutse kugera mu Rwanda buturutse muri Ireland( Soma “Arilandi”). Burwanya indwara kandi bugatanga umusaruro mwiza.

Kwandika no kubika amakuru ihene

Kwandika no kubika amakuru ku bworozi bw’ihene ni ingenzi kuko bigaragaza ikintu cyose cyabaye ku bushyo mu gihe runaka. Byongeye kandi, bifasha gucunga neza amatungo kuko byerekana inkomoko y’ihene bigafasha no guhitamo ubwoko bwiza wayibanguriraho. Kwandika no kubika amakuru ku bworozi bw’ihene kandi bifasha gutegura neza ingengo y’imari izakoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kubuteza imbere.

Aha twagaragaje amakuru akenewe kwandikwa no kubikwa mu bworozi bw’ihene. Agaciro n’akamaro k’amakuru agomba kwandikwa no kubikwa bitandukana bitewe n’uburyo bwo korora umworozi yahisemo:

• Amakuru ku buzima bw’ihene: aya makuru agaragaza  izarwaye, izapfuye, ibimenyetso zagaragaje, isuzuma ryakozwe, imiti n’inkingo zahawe n’ibindi.
• Amakuru ku biryo byagaburiwe ihene: ibi biragoye kugaragaza mu bworozi bw’amatungo arisha ku gasozi, ariko ku bworozi bugenewe isoko nko gukuza cyangwa kubyibushya ihene zigaburirwa ibiryo byo mu nganda bishobora kwandikwa kugira ngo bifashe kubara igishoro n’inyungu.
• Amakuru yerekeye kubangurira:kumenya imfizi, inyagazi n’ihene zizikomokaho ni ingenzi mu bikorwa byo gufata ibyemezo byo kuvugurura icyororo, kugurisha cyangwa se kuvana ihene zimwe mu bworozi.
• Amakuru ku ihene zavutse: aya makuru agaragaza umwirondoro w’izavutse, imfizi yazibyaye,ibiro zavukanye, italiki zavutseho, uburyo zavutsemo ( imwe cyangwa nyinshi), ndetse n’ibitsina byazo.
• Amakuru ku mukamo: kwandika amakuru ku mukamo rimwe mu cyumweru  byaba bihagije kugira ngo byerekane ingano y’amata y’amata aboneka. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, iyo umworozi yorora ihene n’intama zitanga amata cyangwa se izitanga inyama, ashobora guhitamo izikamwa cyane akaba ari zo abikaho amakuru y’umukamo rimwe mu cyumweru.
• Amakuru ku mikurire: hapimwa ibiro ihene zungutse mu gihe cyagenwe ( bishobotse buri kwezi).
• Amakuru ku mibare y’ihene zigize mu bushyo n’ibindi bintu by’agaciro.
• Umusaruro w’inyama: kwandika amakuru ku musaruro w’inyama ziva ku ihene ibaze ni ingenzi, cyane cyane mu bworozi bushingiye ku muryango. Aya makuru yaboneka mu mabagiro mu gihe ari ho ihene zibagirwa.

2. AMOKO

Mu Rwanda, dufite ubwoko butandukanye bw’ihene:

• Ihene y’inyarwanda ( Gakondo)
• Ihene yo mu bwoko bwa Gala
• Ihene yo mu bwoko bwa Boer (soma “Gala”)
• Ihene ya Saanen ( soma “Sanini”)
• Ihene yitwa Toggenburg (soma “Togenibagi”)
• Anglo-nubian (soma “Angolonubiyani)
• Ibyimanyi: ihene gakndo x ihene z’inzungu