Amacunga

Gutegura ubutaka

Igihe umuhinzi ashaka gutegura umurima wo guhingamo amacunga, hari imirimo igomba gukorwa kugira ngo yizere ko ibihingwa bizaba byiza igihe kinini. Muri iyo mirimo harimo gutegura umurima bwa mbere bigomba gukorwa mbere yo kugemura ( ingemwe cyangwa imimero yameze ku giti cy’icunga).

Gutegura umurima bwa mbere ni ukuwuhinga kugira ngo indi mirimo ikurikira yo gutegura gutera igende neza nko gutegura uburyo bwo kuyobora amazi, gutegura imyobo izaterwamo,…iyo mirimo aho bishoboka ko ikorwa harimo:

(i) Gukuraho ibihuru
(ii) Gukuramo amabuye n’ibitare
(iii) Kuringaniza ubutaka.

Gutera Imbuto y’amacunga

1.1. Kubona ingemwe

Ubwoko bwiza bw’amacunga agurishwa usanga kenshi adaturuka mu kwinaza imbuto; ingemwe ziba zarabonetse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubangurira bagemeka amashami ku bitsinsi. Izo ngemwe ziboneka zimeze ku gitsinsi cy’ubwoko bwiza bw’amacunga byagaragaje ko bugira ingemwe zikura neza, kandi zishobora kwemera guhinganwa n’ubundi bwoko kandi zemera ubutaka ubwo ari bwo bwose.

Imbuto zikoreshwa kugira ngo hazaboneke igitsinsi cyiza ni iz’indimu zirura. Gukoresha imimero ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kubona ingemwe.

Iyo igitsinsi cy’igiti bahisemo kuzatanga ingemwe kigejeje ku gihe cy’umwaka, imimero myiza ifite cm 25-30 barayikata begereje ku butaka. Kugira ngo wizere ko ingemwe ari nziza kandi zizakura neza zikurwa ku gitsinzi mu gihe ziba zikura vuba vuba cyangwa igihe amatembabuzi aba atembera neza mu bihingwa. Ingemwe zimaze guterwa ni ngombwa kuyobora amazi. Ibitsinsi bibi bigomba gukurwa mu murima kugira ngo bitanduza ingemwe nzima, zizatanga umusaruro.

1.2. Kugemeka

Igihembwe cy’iginga cy’umuhindo ni cyo gihe cyiza cyo kugemura. Hategurwa imyobo yo guteramo ya m 0,8 x 0,8 x 0,8 kandi ubutaka bukavangwa neza n’ifumbire y’imborera ingana n’ibiro 50 Kg.

Ingemwe zikiri nto ziterwa mu bujyakuzimu bungana n’ubwo zarimo zikiri mu buhumbikiro. Iyo ingemwe zamaze guterwa, ni ngombwa gutsindagira ubutaka bugakomera. Agaferege k’amazi kugira ngo ayoborwe ku gihingwa kazengurutswa ku giti kuko kiba kigomba guhita kibona amazi ako kanya nyuma yo guterwa. Ni ngombwa kongera kuvomerera bukeye bwaho kugira ngo ahari ubutaka bwiyashije hafatane.

Intera igenderwaho mu gutera iterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye : igitsinsi, ikirere, ubutaka, uburyo bw’imihingire. Ibiti by’amacunga bishobora guterwa ku ntera ya m 4 x m 4 cyangwa m 3x m 5 kugira ngo umurima ubemo ibiti byinshi bishoboka.

Ubujyakuzimu buterwamo ni ngombwa kwitabwaho  kugira ngo wizere ko ingemwe zizakura neza. Igitsinsi kihanganira kubura kw`imizi, ariko igice cyo hejuru ntikibyihanganira. Iyo ihuriro ry’imimero ari rito ugereranyije n’ubutaka buyikikije igiti gishobora kubora kigapfa. Gucukura hafi y’igiti kugira ango amazi yinjire neza nabyo bishobora gutuma igiti cy’icunga kibora.

Kwita ku macunga

1.1. Kubagara

Kubagara neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo amacunga akiri mato amererwe neza kandi akure vuba.  Bikorwa barandura ibimera byimejeje n’ibyatsi bibi byose mu ntera nini ikikije igiti . Uko igiti kigenda gikura ni ko ugenda wongera ahantu ubagara hirya y`igiti.

Kubagara bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe n’isuka. Imiti yica ibyatsi nka ni byiza kuyikoresha kugira ngo irinde kongera kumera kw’ibyatsi bibi cyangwa gukoreha umuti witwa Diuron ( soma Diyuro) mu rwego rwo kwirinda mbere ibyatsi byamera igaterwa ku rugero rwa kg3/ha inshuro 2 zitandukanyijwe n’iminsi 120. Ibi bifasha kwirinda ibyatsi bibi mu gihe cy’iminsi 280.

512. Kuvanga ibihingwa

Ibihingwa byo mu bwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe nk’inkori, ibishyimbo, amashaza,.. bishobora guhingwa mu murima umwe n’amacunga. Kuvanga ibihingwa ni byiza ko byakorwa gusa mu myaka 3 ya mbere amacunga atewe. Hejuru y’ibyo, ibinyamisogwe bijyana n’uburyo bwo gutera ingemwe zavuye ku bitsinsi, kandi byifitemo ubushobozi bwo gukurura umunyungugu wa azote yo mu kirere bikoresheje uduheri two ku mizi yabyo.

1.3. Kuyobora imikurire y’igiti

Ibiti by’amacunga biyoborwa ku buryo bumwe hagira imitwe ishaka kurenga ku ngero tubona hasi bakayikata mu buryo buhoraho. Mu mwaka wa mbere ingemwe ziri gukura, izirengeje uburebure bwa m 0.7–1 zigomba gukatwa kugira ngo hamere amashami y’impande. Amashami 4-6 gusa ashamitse neza ku gihimba mu mpande zose ni yo yemerewe gukura kugeza kuri m 3-4

Nyuma y’aho ntabwo biba bigikenewe kuyobora igiti. Kuyobora ibiti by’amacunga byagombye gukorwa bikarangira mu myaka 3 ya mbere kugira ngo amashami abe akomeye uko bikwiye. Gukata amashami atari ngombwa byo bikorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

1.4. Gukata

Gukata igiti kigikura bikorwa mu buryo butandukanye hakurukijwe ubwoko bw’amacunga. Gukata ni ugukuraho amashami yapfuye, ayafashwe n’indwara cyangwa atameze neza. Gukuraho ibitontome n’imimero kuri buri gitsinsi mu nsi y’aho bagemetsea na byo ni ngombwa kandi bigomba gukorwa ku buryo buhoraho bikagendana no kugabanya amababi kugira ngo urumuri rw’izuba n’akayaga byinjiremo. Igihe cyiza cyo kugabanya igiti ni nyuma y’igihe cy’isarura (Kamena- Nzeli)

1.5. Kuyobora amazi

Ibiti by’amacunga bishaka amazi menshi kuko itembera ry’amatembabuzi ritajya rihagarara kandi igiti kiratutubikana umwaka wose.

Iyo  igiti kimaze gushamika neza, gikenera amazi menshi kuko iyo amazi abuze n’ubuhehere mu gihe cy’ingenzi ku gihingwa bitubya umusaruro bikica n’ubwiza bw’imbuto.  Ni ngombwa kwirinda ibura ry’amazi ahagije mu gihe cyo gukura, mu gihe cyo kuzana uruyange n’igihe cyo kuzana imbuto.

Mu mezi 6 ya mbere, amacunga agomba kuhirwa inshuro 2 mu cyumweru, nyuma yaho bigakorwa nyuma y’iminsi 7. Kuva ku macunga akiri mashyashya kugeza ku myaka 8, kuhira byagombye gukorwa  ku buryo byo kuyobora amazi avuye mu bizenga byacukuwe. Uburyo bwo kuyobora amazi make make bukundwa na benshi.

Igiti cy’amacunga gikuze gikenera kuhirirwa inshuro 20- 25 mu mwaka, bigera kuri mm 1,325 z’amazi. Amacunga kandi akenera amazi menshi cyane mu gihe atangiye kuzana imbuto. Ni byiza kuhira amacunga igihe imbuto zimaze kugira uburemere. Kubura ubuhehere mu gihe amacunga atangiye kuzana uruyange bituma uruyange n’utubuto tukiri duto bihunguka ari byinshi ingaruka ikazaba gutuba k’umusaruro. Igihe babaye kumagara cyane bigakurikirwa n’imvura nziza bishobora gutuma uruyange ruza mbere y’igihe n’imbuto zigatangira kwirema.

1.6.  Gufumbira

Gushyira inyongeramusaruro mu macunga biterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye nk’imyaka igiti kimaze, uburyo ingemwe zabonetsemo, ubutaka, ikirere hamwe n’umusaruro wifuzwa. Nta buryo rusange ngenderwaho mu gukoresha inyongeramusaruro ku buhinzi bwose bw’amacunga mu bice bifite ikirere gitandukanye. Ingengabihe yo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro ikunda gukoreshwa ni iyi ikurikira :

Inyongeramusaruro zigomba gushyirwa ku muzenguruko w’icunga munsi y`urugara rw’amababi bitewe n’imyaka igiti kimaze. Ku giti gikuze, inyongeramusaruro zishyirwa mu ruziga rw’ubugari bwa  cm 30-40 ku ntera ya cm 100-200 uturutse ku gihimba kuko imizi myinshi ikigaburira iherereye mu gice kiri hasi y’urugara rw’amababi.

N’ubwo amacunga asaba inyongeramusaruro z’inyongera kuri NPK, abahinzi bakunda kwibagirwa gukoresha ibindi bitunga igihingwa kandi ari igice cy’ingenzi cyane ku gihingwa cy’icunga. Nyamara, ibimenyetso by’uko igihingwa cyabuze imyunyungugu ya Feri, Manganeze na Zenke ntabwo bigaragara cyane, bityo bigatuma bigorana kumenya neza icyo igihingwa kibura.

Ni ngombwa rero ko ibitunga igihingwa bikoreshwa kenshi. Ibyo bitunga igihingwa bivangwa n’amazi bakabitera ku biti by’amacunga nk’utera umuti. Kubura kwa Zenke, umuringa na manganese ku gihingwa bibaho kenshi, bisaba rero ko biterwa mu mazi ya L 10 bikavangwa ku buryo bukurikira:

• g 15 za Zenke

• g 20 z’umuringa

• g 20 za manganeze.

Uru ruvange rwagombye guterwa ku biti by’amacunga mu gihe amababi arimo akura vuba vuba. Kubura kw’intungagihingwa ya Boro (Boron) bishobora gukosorwa bashyiramo g 20 za z’ifumbire ya Borax ( Soma “Boragisi” ) munsi y’amababi kuri buri giti kigaye.

1.7. Uko umuhinzi yitwara ku ihindagurika ry`umusaruro

Ibiti byo mu bw’amacunga cyangwa  mandarine zimwe na zimwe bikunda gutanga umusaruro w’imbuto nyinshi mu mwaka wa mbere, naho mu mwaka wa kabiri bigatanga umusaruro muke. Ibi ni byo bita ihindagurika ry’umusaruro. Ushobora kugabanyiriza igiti kurumbuka cyane ukuraho imbuto zimwe na zimwe mu mwaka w’umusaruro mwinshi. Gukata igiti na byo birafasha mu kuringaniriza igiti umusaruro. Ni byiza kandi gukoresha inyongeramusaruro nke mu gihe cy’umusaruro muke  ugakoresha inyongeramusaruro nyinshi mu gihe cy’uburumbuke bwinshi kugira ngo igiti kibone ibyo gikeneye bitewe n’umusaruro wifuza. Si byiza kureka imbuto zishaje ngo zigume ku giti igihe kirekire kirenze igikenewe. Nyamara n’ubwo hakoreshwa ubwo buryo twabonye, hari amoko y’amacunga ahindaguranya umusaruro uko byagenda kose. Ni ngombwa gukoresha kenshi ibitunga ibihingwa by’inyongera.

1.8.  Ihanuka ry’imbuto

Guhanuka kw’imbuto ni ibintu bisanzwe. Iyo guhanuka kw’imbuto bikabije bishobora guterwa n’igihe cy’izuba ryinshi, ubushyuhe bukabije butunguranye, ubuhehere bukeya cyangwa ibura ry’umunyungugu wa azote.

Gukata ibiti by’amacunga cyane, udukoko twangiza amacunga nk’utumatirizi, imiswa cyangwa gukomeretsa imbuto mu gihe batera imiti bishobora gutuma imbuto zihanuka. Ni ngombwa ko igiti kiba gifite ubuzima bwiza kugira ngo imbuto zihanuka zigabanuke.

Guhanuka kw’imbuto ni uburyo kamere igiti ubwacyo gikoresha. Iyo imbuto zigumye ku giti ari nyinshi bituma umwero ugira imbuto ntoya. Hejuru y’ibyo kandi imbuto nyinshi ziremerera igiti zikaba zacyangiza.

Indwara n’ ibyonnyi

1.1. Ibibara by’ikigina (Alternaria alternata or A. citri)

Udukoko tuyitera tuzanwa n’imvura cyangwa ihindakurika ritunguranye rizana igisa n’ubuhehere. Igipimo kizwi cy’ubushyuhe gituma uburwayi bwiyongera ni dogere 23-27°C. Ibihingwa bishobora kwandura hagati ya dogere 17-32°C. Uburwayi bushobora gufata agace gato kangana na 4/6  by’ikibabi gihehereye ariko uburwayi bukomera bwiyongera uko ikibabi kirushaho guhehera.

Kurinda amacunga iyi ndwara

• Gutera ingemwe zitarwaye
• Guhitamo neza ahantu ho guhinga amacunga
• Ni ngombwa gutera amacunga ahantu hagera akayaga
• Gutera ku ntera ihagije hagati y’icunga n’irindi
• Kudakoresha ibitsinsi bikomeye
• Kudakoresha inyongeramusaruro irengeje urugero cyangwa kuvomerera birengeje urugero
• Kutayobora amazi hejuru y’ibihingwa
• Gurwanya indwara hakoreshejwe imiti : gutera imiti ikozwe mu muringa
• Gukoreasha uburyo bwose burinda igihingwa.

1.2. Ububembe (Diaporthe citri)

Iyi ndwara itera kubemba kw’imbuto n’amababi. Amoko y’amacunga yose akunda gufatwa n`iyi ndwara ariko cyane cyane ibisacunga n’indimu ni byo biyandura cyane. Igipimo cy’ubushyuuhe gituma iyi ndwara ikura ni ikiri hagati ya dogere 24-28 °C.

Kuyirinda:

•  Gukura amashami yapfuye ku rugara rw’amababi.
• Gutera imiti ikoze mu muringa

• Gutera imiti ikoze mu muringa buri byumweru 3 kugeza igihe imbuto zimaze kwirema neza

1.3. Ibibara bifata imbuto n’amababi  (Pseudocercospora angolensis; Syn.: Phaeoramularia angolensis)

Iyi ni indwara yo gukumirwa, ifata amoko yose y’indimu ariko cyane cyane ibisacunga, amacunga na mandarine, ariko indimu zo ntizikunda gufatwa n’iyi ndwara. Iyi ndwara ituma umusaruro urumba ku rugero rwa 50-100%.

Amababi akiri mato aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kwanduzwa iyi ndwara n’ibice by`igihingwa bimaze igihe. Imbuto zikiri ntoya ziri mu kigero cy’agapira bakinisha Golf ( soma “Golufe”) nazo ziba zifite ibyago byo kwandura.

Ikwirakwizwa ry’iyi ndwara rigarukira mu bice by`Afurika bifite ubuhehere buri hagati ya 800- m 1500  kandi itizwa umurindi n’igihe ibihe by`imvura bibaye birebire bigakurikirwa n’ibihe by`izuba bifite igipimo cy`ubushyuhe  kiri hagati ya  22-26°C. Amababi ni yo akaunda gufatwa. Indwara ikwirakwizwa na mikorobibe zizanwa n’umuyaga uturutse kure. Ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi byanduye nabyo bishobora gukwirakwiza bukagera kure cyane. Mu murima w’amacunga iyi ndwara ikwirakwizwa n’udukoko.

Ibimenyetso:

Aho imbuto zirwaye  hagira ishusho y’uruziga, bikaza ku ntera zitandukanye. Imbuto zikiri nto  zizana ibibara bisa no gukomereka bikikijwe n’ikibara cy`umuhondo kandi zikamera nk’izumye. Imbuto nkuru zo zigira ibikomere bisa n’ikigina cyijimye kijya kuba umukara kirambitse cyangwa gicukuye ku rubuto kizengurutswe n’ikibara cy’umuhondo. Ibimenyetso biza ku mababi bisa n’uruziga ariko bishobora gufatana bikabyara indi shusho. Amababi arwaye afite ikibara cy’ikigina hagati cyangwa cy’ikijuju gikikijwe n`ikibara cy’umuhondo. Imbuto zirwaye zishobora gupfa byurundu n’amababi agahunguka.

Kuyirinda

• Gucungana n’uburwayi batoragura imbuto n’amababi byaguye mu murima urimo imbuto zafashwe bigatwikwa.
•  Gutera ibihingwa bikumira umuyaga bikikije umurima w’amacunga. Umuyaga uza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gukwirakwiza mikorobi zitera indwara.
• Kurwanya itera ry’ibihingwa mu murima wanduye w’ibiti bikuze byatangiye kwera
• Kwirinda ko habaho imitere y’ikirere ihindagurika y’ubukonje n’ubushyuhe;
• Gukata ingemwe z’amacunga kugira ngo urumuri n’akayaga byinjire neza mu rugara rw’amashami n’amababi.
• Gutera imiti yica ubukoko: Guhinduranya umuti wa Benomyl ( soma “Benomili”) n’uw’umuringa buri byumweru 2 uhereye ku cyumweru gikurikira itangira ryo kugwa kw’imvura.

1.4. Indwara ihindura icyatsi amacunga

Iyi ndwara ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitubya umusaruro mu bice byinshi byo ku migabane ya Afurika na Aziya. Mbere y’uko imenyekana nk’indwara ukwayo yabanje kumenyekana ku mazina menshi anyuranye mu Bushinwa, Tayiwani, Ubuhinde, Filipine, Indoneziya na Afurika y’Epfo. Bimaze gusobanuka ko ayo mazina yose yagushaga ku ndwara imwe, hemeranyijwe izina rimwe rikoreshwa aho igaragaye hose ry’indwara ihindura icyatsi.

Ibitera iyi ndwara

Bimaze kugaragara ko guhinduka icyatsi kw’amacunga ari indwara yandura iturutse ku mimero ndetse n’udukoko byatumye hanzurwa ko hariho mikorobi zitera ubu burwayi. Mu Bushinwa ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwemeza ko ubukoko bwitwa Tristeza ( soma “Tirisiteza”) butera uburwayi ari bwo butera iyi ndwara.  Muri Afurika y’epfo byerekanwe ko utu dukoko no guhinduka icyatsi kw’amacunga bigomba gutandukanywa. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubu burwayi bwagombye  gushyirwa mu buterwa na mikorobi zo mu bwoko bwa bagiteri. Muri Afurika ubu burwayi bugaragara nko kutihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije kw’igihingwa, ariko muri Aziya si ko bimeze. Ubu burwayi bwandura buzanywe n’ubukoko  cyangwa se buturutse ku ngemwe zavuye ku bitsinsi byanduye.

Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara:

• Indwara yo guhinduka icyatsi kw’igihingwa cy’icunga irangwa n’amababi agaragara ko yabuze ibiyatunga, imimero ikaba umuhondo, igiti n’amashami  bidafite ubuzima n’igabanuka ry’umusaruro, imbuto zikaba nto kandi zigasa nabi. Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko igihingwa cyabuze umunyu wa Zenke biboneka ku mababi akiri mato naho amababi akuze arangwa n’ibibara.
• Umusaruro w’amacunga uragabanuka ku buryo bukabije kandi ukagira amacunga mato asa nabi, afite ibara ribi (ari naho ibara ry’icyatsi rituruka) kandi agasharira.
• Imizi imera yanga kandi idakomeye. Imizi mishya ntiyongera kumera kandi isanzwe igatangira kubora ihereye ku dushami twayo.

Igihombo giterwa n’iyi ndwara ntibyoroshye kukibarura. Rimwe na rimwe ibice bimwe by’igiti ni byo bifatwa bityo umusaruro ntutube cyane, ariko hari ubwo igiti gifatwa cyose bigatuma umusaruro utuba cyane.

Kwirinda iyi ndwara:

Kugeza ubu, nta hantu na hamwe ku isi iyi ndwara yaba yarashoboye kwirindwa bikagerwaho ku uko bikwiye. Mu bice byose iyi ndwara yagezemo, icyizere cy’ubuzima ku giti cyafashwe kiragabanuka cyane kandi ingaruka ku musaruro ziragaragara.

Uburyo bugerageza bwo kwirinda ni ubugendeye ku gukoresha ibitsins bitarwaye no gukumira  udukoko tuyitera igihe ibihingwa bimaze guterwa.

• Udukoko tuyitera bisaba kuturwanya haba mu macunga ubwayo cyangwa se mu bindi bihingwa byazicumbikira.
• Gukumira ubwandu bivuga gukuraho cg gutema amashami yose y’ibihingwa byafashwe n’indwara bigakorwa inshuro nyinshi buri mwaka. Ibiti bitazabyara umusaruro wacuruzwa n’ibindi bihingwa bishobora gucumbikira ubukoko bwanduza na byo bigomba gukurwaho.

1.5. Inda z’ibihingwa z’umukara zifata amacunga (Toxoptera aurantii), (Aphis gossypii), Spirea aphid: Aphis spiraecola

Inda zitungwa n”imimero y’igihingwa cyangwa igice cyo munsi y’amababi y’igihingwa. Ibi bituma amababi yihina yerekera ku gihimba.

Inda z’umukara n`izifata igihingwa cy’ipamba zose zishobora kwanduza igiti cy’icunga virusi ya Tiriteza. Gutera umuti wica udukoko ntabwo byemewe kuko bigoye kurinda ikwirakizwa ry’iyo virusi keretse hashyizweho gahunda rusange ifata ahantu hanini

Kwirinda iyi ndwara:

• Gukoresha udukoko turya udutera iyi ndwara kuko gukoresha imiti yica ubukoko nta kizere bitanga.
• Uburyo bw’imibereho y’udukoko: ubusanzwe umubare munini w’udukoko tutya inda z’ibihingwa n’indwara ziterwa n’uduhumyo bituma inda zidashobora kwangiza.
• Gufata ingamba zo kuyirwanya: ku biti bitewe vuba cyangwa ku mashami mashya y’ibiti bikuze birasanzwe ko ubukoko butera kwihinahina kw’amababi no kuzanaho ibintu bimarira nk’ubuki.
• Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo kuvura igihingwa ntabwo bwizewe kuko igiti cy’icunga gishobora kwihanganira kwihinahina kw’amababi gufashe igice kinini kandi ntibigire icyo bitwara umusaruro. Gutera imiti yica ubukoko bikorwa mu gihe kidasanzwe nk’iyo bibaye ngombwa ko habaho gahunda yo kuvura igice kinini cy’ahantu runaka.

1.6. Indwara y’akamatirizi k’amacunga (Planococcus citri)

Indwara y`utumatirizi  ni indwara itaboneka kenshi, igoye kuyirinda. Ubu bukoko bukunda igihe cy’ubuhehere. Ku macunga, ubu bukoko bukwirakwira mu gutondagira buva ku giti bujya ku kindi, buzanwa n’umuyaga se, cyangwa buza ku majanja y’inyoni, amamashini n’ibndi bikoresho byo mu buhinzi.

Iyo bukivuka, ubu bukoko buba busa n`umuhondo werurutse ariko nyuma bukazana ibintu bimatira bibutwikira.  Bwororoka inshuro 2-3 buri mwaka.

Uburyo ubukoko bwangiza:

• Utumatirizi tunyunyuza amatembabuzi y’amacunga bugaca igiti intege kandi bugatuma imbuto zihungura.
• Ubu bukoko bwanduza amahundo y’amacunga bwo ubwabwo cyangwa akanduzwa n` ibyo bimatira nk’ubuki bibabibutwikiriye.

Kwirinda iyi ndwara:

• Gukata amacunga no kuyazitira. Kuzitira ibiti by’amacunga biringa gukomanaho kw’ibiti bigafasha ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara. Byongeye kandi gukata amacunga bituma urugara rw’amababi rufunguka bigatuma gutera imiti byoroha kuko yinjiramo neza kandi ikagera hose.
• Gusukura ibikoresho. Gusukura bihagije ibikoresho ndetse n’ibikoresho basaruriramo bifasha kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry’ubu bukoko buva ku giti cyanduye bujya ku bindi biti.
• Kwirinda imiswa kugira ngo udukoko turya utundi duikore akazi kazo. Kubiba igihingwa cya Veti (Vicia sp) nk’igihingwa kivangwa n’amacunga bituma imiswa yitaza utumatirizi.
• Uburyo karemano bwo kwirinda : utumatirizi tugira abanzi karemano benshi: ibyonnyi n’ubusimba burya ubundi. Ubuzwi cyane ni Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, butoratora  utumatirizi, bukaba ri ubwoko bw`ibivumvuri. Ibyana byabyo biba bisa n’iby’utumatirizi ariko byo biba bigari bikanagira uduhembe tureture. Bishobora gukurwa ahandi bikazanwa mu murima.
• Imiti yica udukoko: igira akamaro mu kwica udukoko dukururuka.   Nta buryo bwo kuvura ubu bukoko uko bikwiye mu gihe amashami ariho imbuto yegeranye. Umuti wa Imidacloprid ( soma “Imidakoropuride) ni bwo buryo bwizewe bwakoreshwa mu butaka mbere yo kuyobora amazi mu gihe cy`uruyange.

Gusarura

Amacunga yeze asarurwa mu byiciro 2-3 mu mwaka. Iyo imbuto zeze bidatewe n’ikirere, ibara ryayo ntabwo rihinduka, uburyohe n’impumuro nyuma y’isarura ntibihinduka. Ni byiza gusarura amacunga ari uko yamaze gushya neza kandi ingano yayo ikwiye, ibara ribereye ijisho n’isukari ikwiriye ivanzemo agasharire.

Imbuto zose zigomba gusarurwa ku mwero. Gusiga amacunga ku giti kandi yeze bishobora gutera igiti kuzagira umusaruro muke cgangwa umubare munini w’imbuto zihungura ku musaruro w’ubutaha.

Umurima w’macunga ubasha kubaho imyaka 25-30. Umusaruro utangira kuboneka guhera mu mwaka wa 3 -4 hakera amacunga 20 kugeza ku 150 ku giti ariko umusasuro ukazagera ubwo ujya wera ku kigero kimwe  ku mwaka wa 8. Umusaruro ugereranyije ni amacunga 175-250 ku giti kimaze gufata umurongo.

GUFATA NEZA UMUSARURO NYUMA Y`ISARURA

Amacunga abasha kumara ibyumweru 2 atangiritse abitse mu byuma bikonjesha cyangwa abitse mu cyumba gikonje. Nta mpamvu yo kwigora wibaza aho wabika amacunga yawe, icy’ingenzi ni uko abikwa ahantu hafunguye hagera umwuka.

Iyo amacunga uyatwikiriye uba uyima umwuka ugatuma hazamo ubuhehere ari na byo bituma ashobora kubora.

Amacunga aribwa ari imbuto zihiye cyangwa umutobe wayo. Umutobe w’amacunga cyabgwa igishishwa cyayo bishobora kubikwa igihe kinini ariko bibitswe mu byuma bikonjesha. Ushobora no gukonjesha umutobe w’amacunga mu gakoresho bashyira mu cyuma gikonjesha gakonjesha amazi akaba urubura mu gihe ushaka kwiyorohereza akazi.