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Icyuzi cy'amafi

Icyuzi cy’amafi

UBWOROZI BW’AMAFI

Intego  y’ubworozi bw’amafi  ni ukongera umusaruro w’ibyo abaturage bakeneye bigendeye ku ngufu zishyirwa mu kwihaza mu biribwa.

Umworozi wifuza gutangira korora amafi akeneye icyuzi cy’amafi, aho amazi aturuka aza mu cyuzi, abana b’amafi bo gushyira mu cyuzi ndetse n’ibiryo by’amafi mu gutangira.

Muri 2020, abanyarwanda bazaba ugereranyije ari miliyoni 16, kandi umusaruro w’amafi uzaba uzaba ucyenewe uzaba ari Toni 112.000 ku mwaka. Ni ukuvuga ko u Rwanda rushobora kugera ku kigereranyo cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara cyo kwihaza cy’ibiro 6 ku muntu ku mwaka ndetse na MegaToni 265.600 ku kugera ku kigereranyo mpuzamahanga cy’ibiro 16,6 ku muntu ku mwaka.

U Rwanda rufite ahantu 17 ho kororera amafi (Rwasave, Kigembe, Runyinya, Rushashi, Ruli, Nkungu, Ngarama, Rusumo, Cyamutara, Muko, Bwafu, Ndorwa, Kazabe, Mabanza, Kivumu, Karengera na Nyamishaba). U Rwanda rufite amazi ahagije arangwa n’uruhererekane  rw’ibiyaga, imigezi n’inzuuzi, ndetse n’ibishanga bigaburira imihora ibiri y’ingenzi : umuhora wa NILI wo mu burasirazuba ndetse n’umuhora wa Kongo mu burengerazuba. 8% by’ubutaka bw’igihugu (Hegitali 210,000) bigizwe n’amazi. Ibiyaga biri kuri hegitali 128,000, imigezi iri kuri hegitali 7,260 mu gihe amazi y’ibishanga atwikiriye hegitali 77,000 (byavuye mu Gishushanyo mbonera cy’uburobyi n’ubworozi bw’amafi  mu Rwanda).

  1. UBURYO  BWO KORORA AMAFI
    1. ICYUZI BORORERAMO AMAFI: cyibandwaho  cyane  ku musaruro w’amafi bikurikije ahantu heza haboneka amazi mu buryo bworoshye.
    2. Gukora icyuzi cy’amafi
    3. Mu gucukura icyuzi cy’amafi, hibandwa ku butumbutuke bw’ahantu, ubwoko bw’ubutaka, ingano ndetse n’ubwiza bw’amazi ahaboneka.
    4. Kubaka umuyoboro w’amazi
    5. Ubuso : byibuze m2500 (20×25 m)
    6. Ubujyakuzimu bw’amazi : hagati ya cm 40 na cm 60 mu rwinjiriro rw’amazi, no hagati ya m 1,10 na m 1,20 ku kindi gice cy’icyuzi
    7. Igihe cyo gucukura icyuzi : Mutarama-Gashyantare,  Kamena-Nyakanga
      1. Gutera icyuzi (Gushyira amafi mu cyuzi):
    8. Gushyira ishwagara mu cyuzi bigabanya ubusharire bw’ubutaka ndetse yica utundi dukodo twangiza (kg 18-25 kuri ari).
    9. Kuzuza icyuzi amazi
    10. Gufumbira icyuzi (gushyira ifumbire y’imborera ku 10% by’ubuso bw’icyuzi: 20-25 kg kuri ari )
    11. Gushyira amafi mu cyuzi : amafi 2 kugera kuri 4 kuri m2 1
    12. Igihe cyo gushyira amafi mu cyuzi : Werurwe, Nzeli
    13. Mu Rwanda, dukoresha ubwoko bw’amafi bukurikira:
    14. Tilapia Nilotica: Ni ubwoko bukura neza, bwororoka mu buryo bworoshye kandi buraryoha.

Ifoto ya Thilapia Nilotica

  • Cyprinus carpio:inyinshi zirya byose, ariko zishobora kurya ibyatsi byo mu mazi ndetse n’udusimba two mu mazi.

Ifoto: Cyprinus carpio fish.

  • African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus):Nayo ikura vuba kandi ikaba ishobora kurya buri biryo byose byaboneka.

                                 Ifoto: Clarias gariepinus

 

Kuroba amafi

Kuroba amafi

Mu Rwanda dufite ibiyaga 24 harimo 3 duhuriyeho n’ibihugu by’abaturanyi : Ikiyaga cya Kivu dusangiye na Republika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Cyohoha na Rweru dusangiye n’igihugu cy’u Burundi

Mu moko 24 y’amafi ari mu biyaga by’u Rwanda, 4 gusa niyo agize umusaruro munini : Limnothrissa miodon azwi mu kinyarwanga nk’ Isambaza, Nile Tilapia ( oreochromis niloticus), African Catfish (clarias gariepinus) and Haplochromis sp.

Uburobyi bw’amafi bwakorwaga mu biyaga no mu nzuzi n’imigezi ariko buza gukorwa cyane kurenza. Hashyirwaho amabwiriza yo guhagarika uburobyi mu gihe gito kugira ngo amafi abashe gukura, ndetse no gukoresha inshundura zujuje ibipimo byo kuroba amafi akuze , zikareka akiri mato ngo abashe gukura

Kororera muri Cage

Kororera muri Cage

Mu kororera amafi muri Kareremba/ Urutete, amafi ashyirwa mu rutete rufunze impande zose ndetse no hasi rukoze mu bikoresho bituma amafi arindirwamo imbere ariko amazi y’imbere agahura n’ay’inyuma yarwo

 

Kugeza ubu dufite mu Rwanda dufite ubworozi bw’amafi muri Kareremba. Urutete mu kiyaga cya Kivu, Burera na Ruhondo. Ariko biri no gutangira gukorwa no mu bindi biyaga biberanye n’ubwo bworozi. Mbere yo gutangira ubu bworozi bw’amafi mu rutete , umworozi ahabwa icyemezo cyo kubukora n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha, ndetse agahabwa inama n’impuguke muri ubu bworozi zivuye muri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi.

Imbogamizi z’ubworozi bw’amafi mu Rwanda

Imbogamizi zigaragara mu bworozi bw’amafi mu Rwanda ni :umurama w’amafi, ibiryo by’amafi, ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’igishoro n’isoko.

Umurama: Mu Rwanda ubushobozi bwo gukora umurama w’amafi buracyari bucye. Hari ikigo kimwe gusa cya Kigembe gikora umurama w’amafi yororerwa mu byuzi, ariko ntabwo ishobora gukora umurama wose aborozi b’amafi bakeneye .

Ibiryo by’amafi: Ibiryo biboneye by’amafi bituruka mu bihugu duturanye cyangwa aborozi bato b’amafi bakagerageza kwikorera ibiryo byabo bakoresheje ibiboneka hafi.  Ibiryo

by’amafi bikorerwa imbere mu gihugu ntibijya hanze kandi aborozi bagakoresha ibintu byinshi hanyuma bakagira igihombo.

Ikoranabuhanga: ikoranabuhanga mu bworozi bw’amafi  riracyari hasi cyane. Ubunyamwuga mu bworozi bw’amafi  ni bucye kandi bugakorera mu nzego za Leta. Bagerageza guhugura aborozi b’amafi ariko ntibaragera ku mubare munini.

Kwita ku mafi

kwita kumafi

  • Icyiciro kimara hagati y’amezi 6 na 8
  • Kugaburira amafi ukurikije igihe cy’ubworozi
  • Gufumbira icyuzi kugera ku 10% by’ubuso bwose – kuva kuri kg 20 kugeza kuri kg 25 by’ifumbire y’imborera kuri ari 1 buri cyumweru
  • Kugenzura ingano y’amazi
  • Kuroba amafi yose ukayamaramo, amanini ukayagurisha hanyuma amato ukayasubiza mu cyuzi (Gashyantare, Kanama)
  • Gutunganya umuyoboro uzana amazi
  • Gutunganya inkombe z’icyuzi igihe ari ngombwa
  • Umusaruro uva kubiro 20 kugera kuri 40 kuri ari 1

Kwita ku mutungo

Kwita kumutungo

Kwandika ni ukubika mu nyandiko ibyakozwe mu bworozi bw’amafi bifasha kumenya igishoro cyagiye mu bikorwa by’ubworozi bw’amafi, kugereranya umusaruro ndetse n’igihe cyo gusarura .

Ubintu bigomba kwandikwa bikabikwa ni ibi bikurikira:

  • Umwirondoro w’icyuzi (Nomero y’icyuzi n’aho giherereye )
  • Amafi yororerwamo n’inkomoko yayo
  • Umubare w’amafi n’italiki yashyiriwemo
  • Ibyashyizwemo (ubwoko,ingano yabyo ndetse n’igiciro)
  • Umusaruro (ingano yawo n’igicuruzo)
  • Ibindi byakoreshejwe mu bworozi bw’amafi

Ibi byose tuvuze haruguru bigomba kwandikwa, gusomeka, ndetse no kubyumva  mu buryo bworoshye kandi bigashyira mu nshamacye amakuru akenewe.

Tugiye kureba noneho  ingero zimwe z’inyandiko zikoreshwa mu bworozi bw’amafi:

  1. Inyandiko igaragaza ishyirwa ry’amafi mu cyuzi

Izina ry’umworozi……………………………………………………………..

Nomero y’icyuzi……………………………………………………………….

Ubuso bw’icyuzi………………………………………………………………..

taliki Ubwoko bw’amafi Umubare Uburemere bwose Impuzande-ngo y’uburemere  bw’akana k’ifi Impuzande-ngo y’uburebure  bw’akana k’ifi Ibyagaragaye

 

Inyandiko igaragaza gufumbira  icyuzi no kugaburira amafi

Izina ry’umworozi……………………………………… Italiki amafi yashyiriwemo………………………..

Nomero y’icyuzi………………………………………… Umubare w’amafi……………………………………

Ubuso bw’icyuzi………………………………………… Ubwoko bw’amafi……………………………………

Italiki Ifumbire Ibiryo Amafi yapfuye Ibyagaragaye
Ubwoko Ingano (kg) Ubwoko Ingano (kg) Umubare Ijanisha

 

Inyandiko ya buri kwezi igaragaza gukurikirana uko amafi akura mu cyuzi

 

Izina ry’umworozi…………………………………….

Italiki amafi yashyiriwemo………………………………….

Nomero y’icyuzi………………………………………

Umubare w’amafi………………………………………………

Ubuso bw’icyuzi……………………………………….

Ubwoko bw’amafi…………………………………………….

Italiki………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Uburemere (gr) Uburebure (cm) Ibyagaragaye
Ibisobanuro

Igikorwa cyo gusukura

  • Gutunganya imiyoboro ivana amazi mu cyuzi
  • Gusazura imiyoboro izana amazi mu cyuzi
  • Kurwanya isuri hafi y’ibyuzi
  • Kumutsa icyuzi byibuze mu gihe cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu(15) ukurikije ibihe by’ubushyuhe (Gashyantare, Kanama)

Gufumbira ibyuzi

  • Ishwagara ikoreshwa mu gukamura ubusharire bw’ubutaka no gukamura amazi aho yagaragaye
  • Kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwinshi wa T. nilotica, T. macrochir na common carp (C. carpio), gufumbira ibyuzi bigomba gukorwa buri gihe mu gihe kimwe kidahinduka. Yaba ifumbire y’imborera cyangwa itari iy’imborera zigomba gukoreshwa, ariko ukwiyongera kw’igiciro cy’ifumbire mvaruganda kwatumye ifumbire mvaruganda igira urugero igarukiraho mu gukoreshwa, ndetse ukwiyongera kw’igiciro cyayo kwateje ibibazo by’ubwikorezi bw’imbere mu gihugu ariko cyane cyane mu bice by’icyaro. Mu ifumbire mvaruganda harimo ifumbure ikize kuri Fosifori (superphosphates), amoniya na Ire. Naho mu ifumbire y’imborera harimo ifumbire y’amatungo, ibyatsi byaboze, ndetse n’ifumbire ikorwa n’abantu ubwabo. Iyi ya nyuma abantu bayikora bifashishije ibyatsi byaboze bakongeramo amaganga cyangwa se n’ibindi birimo azote.

5.  Ubworozi bw’amafi buhujwe n’ubw’andi matungo

Hari uburyo bwo guhuza ubworozi bw’amafi n’ubundi bworozi bw’amatungo nk’inkoko, inkwavu, ibishuhe n’andi matungo, bugakorerwa hujuru cyangwa hafi y’ibyuzi by’amafi. Ubu buryo

bufasha kubona umusaruro wikubye inshuro ebyiri biturutse ku ifumbire y’ayo matungo ndetse no kubona inyongera y’umusaruro uturutse mu kororera amatungo menshi atandukanye ahantu hamwe.