1.Introduction
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia. Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Spinach is an annual plant (rarely biennial) growing to 30 cm (12 in) tall. Spinach may survive in cold temperate regions.
Spinach is a very nutritious vegetable which provide energy, carbohydrates, Proteins, vitamins A, B, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, c, E, K and minerals ( Calcium, Iron, Manganese, Potassium, Sodium and Zinc.
Spinach grows well in cool areas and can survive the first frost of temperate climates. It will germinates and grows optimally at temperatures between 4 and 16°C but can withstand temperatures as low as -7C. Spinach grows best in a well draining loamy soil with a pH between 6.4 and 6.8. It is sensitive to acidic soil and if the pH is too high, adding lime is recommended. The soil temperature should not exceed 21°C.
2. Varieties of spinach
A distinction can be made between older varieties of spinach and more modern ones. Older varieties tend to bolt too early in warm conditions. Newer varieties tend to grow more rapidly, but have less of an inclination to run up to seed. The older varieties have narrower leaves and tend to have a stronger and more bitter taste. Most newer varieties have broader leaves and round seeds.
Grown varieties in Rwanda and East African region are:
a. Early hybrid No.7: ( Spinacia oleracea. (F1) is an upright large plant which produces heavy yields of very flavorful medium dark green spinach leaves. Usually steamed or boiled for nutritious greens and used to make an exciting salad. Excellent choice for home gardens and market growers. Disease Resistant: CMV, DM.This ( downy mildew) and has a very good regeneration ability.
b. Bloomsdale long standing: this is an upright compact plant with thick fleshy leaves which are dark green and culry, large and with very long petioles. It is vigorous and exceptionally long standing vegetables.
c. Giant noble: a large spinach variety with nice sized, ruffled leaves and a wide growth habit that can reach two feet. Features tender and delicious leaves.
d. New Zealand spinach: the plants are large and spreading and can tolerate droughts. They are disease and insect resistant. It produces small, thick, tender, dark green triangular leaves. The more you cut them, the more they will produce. The seeds are slow to germinate and need to be soaked for 24 hours.
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