Imyumbati
RWA 
ENGAmako y’imyumbati
1. IRIBURIRO
Ubuhinzi bw’imyumbati mu Rwanda bwazanywe n’Ababiligi mu mwaka w’1930. Imyumbati ni igihingwa ngandurarugo kiri ku mwanya wa gatatu nyuma y’ibijumba n’ibitoki. Mu myaka icumi ishize umusaruro w’imyumbati wagiye ugabanuka bitewe ahanini n’indwara, ibyonnyi n’ibura ry’imbuto zihanganira indwara.
Imyumbati isarurwaho ibijumba ari na byo biribwa. Imyumbati ifite ubushobozi bwo kwera mu butaka buteraramo ibindi bihingwa. Imyumbati kandi yera mu gihe hariho amapfa. Kubera ko imyumbati ishobora kuguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 24, ndetse n’amwe mu moko yayo akaba yaguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 36, gusarura imyumbati bishobora gutegereza ko isoko riboneka cyangwa haboneka uburyo bwo kuyitunganya.
Imyumbati iribwa n’abantu, ariko ishobora no kugaburirwa amatungo. Mu ngo nyinshi imyumbati iribwa nk’ikiribwa gitera imbaraga. Imyumbati ishobora kuribwamo umutsima, igikoma, kotswa cyangwa gutogoswa. Amababi y’imyumbati nayo aribwa nk’imboga rwatsi, zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri na Vitamini A na B.
2. AMOKO
Ubusanzwe hari amoko abiri y’amoko y’imyumbati: imyumbati irura n’imyumbati y’imiribwa.
Imyumbati yitwa ko ari imiribwa igihe yifitemo ubusharire buke. Ubundi imyumbati yigiramo ubusharire ( aside) bugomba gukurwamo kugira ngo ibashe kuribwa. Imyumbati y’imiribwa yigiramo ubusharire buke butagira icyo butwaye. Imyumbati irura ihingwa kimwen’imyumbati y’imiribwa, ariko yifitemo ubusharire ku rugero rwo hejuru. Imyumbati y’imiribwa ishobora kugira urugero rw’ubusharire bungana na 40/1000000, naho imyumbati irura ikagira ubusharire ku rugero rwa 490/1000000. Urugero ruri hejuru ya 50/1000000 rufatwa nk’urwateza ibyago. Ubusharire mu myumbati irura ni ikibazo ku buzima bw’abantu, kereka bubanje kugabanywa kugera ku rugero rwihanganirwa. Iyo imyumbati igifite ubwo busharire iba ari uburozi bushobora kwica, ariko na none kubugabanya mu myumbati bikozwe ku buryo budatunganye na bwo na byo bishobora kwica mu gihe runaka, cyane cyane mu gihe ifunguro ribuzemo intungamubiri. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ubusharire mu myumbati. Kwanika imyumbati gusa bigabanya urugero rw’ubusharire, n’ubwo bishobora kuba bidahagije kugira ngo iribwe. Kwinika imyumbati mu mazi mbere yo kuyanika ni byo byizewe mu kugabanya ubusharire ku buryo nyabwo. Guhugutisha imyumbati uko yakabaye cyangwa yacagaguwemo uduce duto nabyo bigabanya ubusharire, kuyikaranga ndetse no kuyibiza inshuro nyinshi uhindura amazi na byo bigabanya ubusharire ku buryo iribwa nta kibazo.
Mu Rwanda dufite dufite amoko y’imyumbati menshi ariko afite ikibazo cyo kwibasiwa n’indwara n’ibyonnyi biyangiza. Ayo moko aragaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira:
| IGIHINGWA: IMYUMBATI ( Manihot esculentum Crantz) | |||||||
| Izina | Kode | Igihe yaziye | Akarereyeramo | Uburyohe | Igihe yerera( Amezi) | Umusaruro
(t/ha) |
Ibindi biyiranga bya ngombwa |
| Gitamisi | Eala 07 | 1975 | LA, MA
|
Irarura | 18 – 24 | 40 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ry’ikigina kijimye, inkondo y’ibibabi ni icyatsi kibisi n’umutuku, amababi ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina kijimye, bikaba umweru imbere. |
| Rutanihisha | Creolinha | 1985 | LA, MA
|
Irarura | 15 – 18 | 40 – 45 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ni icyatsi kibisi n’umutuku, amababi ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Gacyacyali | Gakondo | 1985 | MA
|
Imiribwa | 12 – 15 | 25 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Gahene | Gakondo | 1988 | LA, MA
|
Irarura | 12 – 15 | 30 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’umuhemba rivanze n’icyatsi kibizi, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Bukalasa | GAkondo | 1985 | LA, MA
|
Imberabyombi | 12 – 15 | 25 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi rivanze n’umutuku, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Iminayiro | Gakondo | 1985 | LA, MA
|
Imberabyombi | 12 – 15 | 20 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ry’ikigins cyijimye, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhondo rivanze n’umutukucyatsi kibisi, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Mavuta | Gakondo | 1988 | LA, MA
|
Imberabyombi | 12 – 15 | 20 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi rivanze n’umutuku, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umuhondo imbere. |
| Nyirakarasi | Gakondo | 1986 | LA, MA
|
Irarura | 12 – 15 | 25 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ribengerana, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’umuhemba rivanze n’icyatsi kibisi, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Kiryumukwe | Gakondo | 1985 | LA
|
Imiribwa | 10 – 15 | 25 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ribengerana, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi rivanze n’umuhondo, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina gikeye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Maguruyinkware | Gakondo | 1985 | LA, MA | Imberabyombi | 12 – 15 | 20 -25 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara risa n’isine, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ritukura rivanze n’icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Nyiramabuye | Gakondo | 1985 | LA
|
Imberabyombi | 15 | 35 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti bifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi rivanze n’umuhondo, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ritukura rivanze n’icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Imisurupiyo | Gakondo
|
1985 | LA, MA
|
Imberabyombi | 15 | 20 | Ikunda gufatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Ndamirabana | TME 14 | 2006 | LA, MA | Imiribwa | 10 – 12 | 40 | Ntifatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati, yihanganira indwara y’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni umuhondo inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Cyizere | I92/0057 | 2006 | LA, MA | Imberabyombi | 15 | 40 – 45 | Ntifatwa n’indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati, yihanganira indwara y’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’umuhondo uvanze n’icyatsi kibisi, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi kijya kuba umuhondo, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Mbakungahaze | 95/NA/00063 | 2006 | LA, MA | Irarura | 12 | 45 | Yihanganira indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’umuringa, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni umweru inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Mbagarumbise | MH95/0414 | 2006 | LA, MA | Imberabyombi | 12 – 15 | 30 – 35 | Yihanganira indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ribengerana, inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Rwizihiza | MM96/3920 | 2009 | LA, MA | Imiribwa | 12 | 30 – 35 | Ntifatwa n’ indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’umuringa,inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Seruruseke | MM96/5280 | 2009 | LA, MA | Imiribwa | 12 | 25 – 30 | Ntifatwa n’ indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’umuringa,inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umuhemba, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi gikeye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umweru imbere. |
| Mavoka | MM96/0287 | 2009 | LA, MA | Imiribwa | 10-12 | 35 -40 | Ntifatwa n’ indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’isine,inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umutuku uvanze n’icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umuhondo imbere. |
| Garukunsubire | MM96/7204 | 2009 | LA, MA | Imiribwa | 12 | 30 – 35 | Ntifatwa n’ indwara y’ububembe bw’imyumbati, yihanganira indwara iterwa n’agatagangurirwa. Ifite ibiti by’ibara ry’isine,inkondo y’ibibabi ifite ibara ry’umutuku uvanze n’icyatsi kibisi, amababi afite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ibara ry’ibijumba byayo ni ikigina cyijimye inyuma, bikaba ari umuhondo imbere. |
LA = Imisozi migufi, MA = Imisozi iciriritse
Gutegura umurima w’imyumbati
- Gutegura umurima uzahingwamo imyumbati uri imusozi bitandukana no gutegura umurima uri mu kabande cyangwa mu kibaya: imusozi, bahinga imyumbati mu ntabire ishashe cyangwa amayogi cyangwa imitabo. Mu bibaya, abahinzi bater imyumbati ku mitabo cyangwa amayogi yigiye hejuru kugira ngo birinde ko yarengerwa n’amazi.
- Amayoyi aba afite uburebure buri hagati ya cm 30 na cm 60 cm.
- Intera iri hagati y’amayogi iba iri hagati ya cm 60 na cm 100.
- Batabira umurima hanyuma bagasanza. Ibyo bikorwa mu gihe ubutaka buhehereye. Tabira umurima nibura kugeza kuri cm 15-30 cm z’ubujyakuzimu.
Gutera imyumbati
- Imyumbati iterwa mu kwezi Kwa Nzeli-Ugushyingo,
- Biba byiza cyane gutera ingeri zatemwe ku biti bikomeye;
- Ingeri zitarwaye, zikiri mbisi kanzi zivuye ku biti bikuze ni zo nziza zikwiye guterwa. Ubwiza bw’ingeri buterwa:- Igihe ibiti bimaze;
– Umubyimba
– Umubare w’amaso
– Ubuzima by’ibiti zatemweho.
- Koresha ingeri zivuye ku biti bimaze byibura amezi ari hagati ya 8 na 18.
- Koresha ingeri zibyibushye, ntukoreshe izinanutse;
- Kura ngeri zo gutera ku biti bitarwaye;
- Koresha ingeri zifite ubutebure bwa cm 20-30, zifite amaso 5-7;
- Tema ingeri igihe witeguye guhita uzitera;
- Tema ingeri ukoresheje umuhoro, icyuma cyangwa urukero bityaye;
- Tera hakiri kare, mbere gato y’uko imvura itangira kugwa cyangwa se imvura igitangira kugwa;
- Tera ingeri z’imyumbati zishinze, ziberamye cyangwa zirambitse mu butaka
- Igihe imyumbati ihinze yonyine, intera iri hagati y’ingeri no hagati y’imirongo iba ari cm 80-100;
- N’ubwo nta mabwiriza mpuzamahanga abaho, muri Afurika batera ingeri zigera ku 10 000-15 000/ha zigatanga umusaruro mwiza.
Gufata neza igihirwa cy’imyumbati
1. Kubagara
- Ibyatsi bibi bicuranwa n’imyumbati bigatuma idakura neza ntigire n’ibijumba bbyibushye;
- Kurandura ibyatsi bibi ukoresheje intoki ni byo byiza ku mirima mito y’imyumbati, ni yo mpamvu kurandura ibyatsi mu mirima y’imyumbati bikorwa na benshi mu bahinzi bafite imirima mito. Babagara nyuma y’ibyumweru 3,8 na 12 nyuma y’itera.
2. Gufumbira
Ubuhinzi bw’imyumati bwamamaye kubera ubushobozi yifitemo bwo kwera mu butaka bubi. Mu buhinzi bwa gakondo budakoresha ifumbire, abahinzi babasha gusarura toni 5-6 kuri hegitari, mu butaka butakweramo ibindi bihingwa. Nyamara ariko, kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza imyumbati ikenera igipimo gikwiye cy’intungagihingwa zinyuranye. Abahinzi bagirwa inama yo gukoresha kg 300 kuri hegitari z’ifumbire mvaruganda ya NPK n’ifumbire y’imborera ingana na toni 23-30 kuri hegitari.
3. Kuvanga imyaka
- Kuvanga imyaka bigabanya ikwirakwira ry’ ibyatsi bibi, bikagabanya ubushyuhe bw’ubutakabikagumana ubuhehere bw’ubutaka kandi bigatuma haboneka umusaruro mwiza kuruta guhinga imyumbati gusa cyangwa kuyivanga n’igihingwa kimwe;
- Hatakara intungagihingwa nke kubera isuri mu mirima ihinzemo ibihingwa byinshi bivanze kuruta mu mirima ihinzemo igihingwa kimze. Imyumbati ishobora kuvangwa n’ibigori, ibishyimbo n’ubunyobwa.
Indwara no kurwanya udukoko mu myumbati
1. Indwara y’ububembe ni indwara iterwa n’agakoko ko mu bwokob wa virusi bita
Ibimenyetso: indwara itangira ikibabi kizana amabara y’umuhondo, ahasigaye ari icyatsi hakaguma gukura ugasanga ikibabi kirikunjakunja, kigapfunyarara nyuma kikagira amatwi..
Uko wayirwanya
Kurandura imyumbati igaragaza ibimenyetso by’indwara no kubivana mu murima, guterera igihe ukoresheje imbuto z’imyumbati zihanganira iyi ndwara kandi zavuye mu murima utarwaye. Ni ngombwa kandi gukorera neza umurima.
2. Kirabiranya y’imyumbati (CBB)
- Amababi afite ibimenyetso bya Kirabiranya araraba, akamera nk’ayasutsweho amazi ashyushye, nyuma akagaragaza amabara y’ikigina atwikiriwe n’ibintu bisa n’amavuta.
- Ibi bimenyetso bigaragara neza ku ruhande rwo hasi rw’ikibabi.
3. Kabore y’imyumbati (CBSV)
- Kabore y’imyumbati ni indwara ikomeye yangiza imyumbati cyane cyane mu karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Iyi ndwara yagaragaye bwa mbere mu 1936 muri Tanzaniya, hanyuma iza gukwira mu turere twegereye inyanja twa Afurika y’Uburazirazba kuva muri Kenya kugera muri Mozambiki. Kabore y’imyumbati irangwa n’amabara y’umuhondo agenda akurikiye udutsi duto hanyuma ibara ry’umuhondo rikwiriye ikibabi cyose hagati y’ udutsi, ariko tugasigara ari icyatsi kibisi. Ibintu bituma imyumbati ikura ( nk’ubutumburuke, ingano y’imvura….), igihe imaze itewe n’ubwoko bwa virusi yayifashe bigira uruhare mu igaragazwa ry’ibimenyetso byayo. Ku gice cy’igihimba kikiri gito, hazaho amabara ari hagati y’umukara n’ikigina. Ku gice gikomeye hazaho ibibara by’ ikigina (amagaragamba). Iyo indwara ifite ubukana bwinshi igiti cy’umwumbati kiruma. Ku bijumba by’imyumbati ibimenyetso bitangirana n’ububore bumeze nk’akadomo k’ ikigina kagenda gakura kava k’umuzenguruko ahegereye ku gishishwa kinjira imbere ahagana ku muzi, ububore bukamanuka bukurikiye uburebure bw’ ikijumba.
Ibyonnyi by’ingenzi byangiza imyumbati
- Akamatirizi (CM)
- Akamatirizi ni agakoko gafite ibara rijya gusa n’iroza ritwikiwe n’agafu k’umweru, gafite mm 2-3 z’uburebure. Akamatirizi gakara cyane mu gihe cy’izuba , kagakwirakwizwa n’umuyaga no gutera ingeri zivuye mu mu murima urwaye. Udusimba dukunda kwirundaniriza hamwe ku mababi akiri mato no ku mitwe yoroshye . Ibiti byafashwe biba bifite amababi ameze nk’ibihuru, igakura gahoro, ingingo zikaba ngufi kandi igiti kikagorama gihereye ahafashwe.
- Agatagangurirwa (CGM)
Agatagangurirwa ni agakoko gafite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi kangiza imyumbati mu gihe cy’izuba.
Amabara menshi y’umuhondo agaragara ku mababi yo hejuru akivuka no ku mutwe w’amashami kuko horoshye.
Ikimenyetso:
• Amababi usanga ari icyatsi kibisi kivanzemo utubara tw’umuhondo kandi twinshi. Amababi ata ireme akagwingira ntakure, nyuma agahunguka. Ku mutwe w’amashami hasigara utubabi tumeze nk’utwana tw’inyoni. Umwumbati ugira ingingo ngufi cyane
- Isazi y’umweru
Isazi y’umweru ni icyonnyi gikomeye cy’imyumbati muri Afurika kuko ikwirakwiza virusi zitera indwara z’imyumbati byiyongera ku bwangizi bwayo ku mababi y’imyumbati. Udusazi tw’umweru tunyunyuza amatembabuzi ku myumbati irwaye twaruma imizima tukayanduz
Uburyo bwo urwanya indwara n’ibyonnyi by’imyumbati
- Gutera imbuto z’imyumbati yihanganira indwara
- Gukoresha ingeri zitarwaye ku gihe, imvura igitangira kugwa
- Kurandura imyumbati yagaragaje ibimenyetso by’uburwayi ukayitwika
- Guhugura abahinzi kugira ngo bamenye indwara n’uburyo bwo kuzirwanya
- Gukurikiza amabwiriza y’akato igihe ari ngombwa
- Gukoresha udukoko turya ibyonnyi by’imyumbati
- Gutera imbuto zivuye muri laburatwari
- Gukoresha uburyo bukomatanyije bwo kurwanya indwara n’ibyonnyi by’imyumbati (IPM).
Gusarura imyumbati
- Amoko y’imyumbati abanguka yerera amezi 8, naho amoko y’imyumbati yera atinze
yerera amezi 18.
- Ubusanzwe abahinzi ntibakurira rimwe imyumbati yose mu murima. Basarura iyo bakeneye gukoresha muri ako kanya gusa, indi ikaguma mu murma. Gusarura imyumbati byoroha iyo ubutaka buhehereye;
- Na none gusarura imyumbati byoroha iyo yatewe ku mitabo;
- Umusaruro uterwa n’ubwoko wahinze: amoko yak era yeraga Toni 15-25 kuri Ha, none imbuto nshya zitanga umusaruro mwiza kurushaho: NASE 14 year Toni 30-35/ Ha naho NAROCASS1 year Toni 45-50/Ha .
Gutunganya umusaruro w’imyumbati
Imyumbati yera ku mugabane wa Afurika hafi ya yose iribwa n’abantu: 30% iribwa nyuma yo gutonorwa, kozwa no gutogoswa mu mazi, naho 70% by’umusaruro w’imyumbati iribwa yatunganyijwemo ibindi biribwa birimo amafiriti yumagaye, ifu, imitsima itetse, utubumbe duto dukaranze cyangwa twatetswe ku mwuka, ibinyobwa, n’ibindi….Abaturage bo mu migi no mu byaro bose bakoresha ibiribwa bikozwe mu myumbati nk’ibiribwa bya buri munsi bitanga imbaraga.
Mu Rwanda, dufite amoko akurikira y’ibiribwa bitegurwa hifashishijwe imyumbati:
- Ubugari: ni umutsima uteguwe mu ifu y’imyumbati. Iyo fu iboneka mu buryo bubiri: ubwa mbere ni ukwanika imyumbati mibisi ku zuba, uko yakabaye cyangwa ikasemo uduce hanyuma yakuma bakayisya. uburyo bwa kabiri ni ukubanza ukinika imyumbati mu mazi kamaramo iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5. Kwinika imyumbati ni bwo buryo benshi bahitamo mu gihe bafite amazi ahagje. Aho badafite amazi ahagije banika imyumbati yakuma bakayisya.
- Gari: ni utubumbe duto tw’imyumbati y’imivunde hanyuma igategurwa ku buryo tubikika ku buryo bworoshye ndetse no kuduteka bikagira vuba. Gari ni ibiryo bibereye abanyamugi.
- Inganda zitegura ibyo kurya zivanga ifu y’imyumbati n’ifu y’ingano zigategura za biswi, imigati, gato na keke…….
- Amido ikorerwa mu nganda,
- Kwanga (cyangwa Shikwanga) ni ibyo kurya biteguwe mu ifu y’imyumbati y’imivunde. Kuyitegura bikorwa mu myumbati yinitswe mu mazi ikamaramo iminsi nk’itatu, nyuma bakayinura bakayisekura maze bakayiteka ku mwuka. Umutsima ubonetse bawubumbamo udutsima duto bakadupfunyika mu makoma maze bakongera bakawuteka ku mwuka. Nyuma baratureka tugahora. Shikwanga ishobora kuribwa ihoze cyangwa ishyushye. Shikwanga ishobora kumara iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 7 ibitse ahantu hatari mu byuma bikonjesha kandi icyo ifpunyitsemo kitapfunduwe, naho ubundi yakuma ntibe ikiriwe cyangwa ikinjirwamo na za mikorobe.
- Isombe: amababi akiri matoto y’imyumbati aratoranywa agasekurwa maze agacanirwa mu gihe cy’iminota hagati ya 15 na 30 cyagwa irenzeho, hanyuma hakongerwamo izindi ndyoshyandyo uko babyifuza.